Job crafting is a hot topic in the field of organizational behavior researches and human resource management. Job crafting is a bottom to up behavior, which is different from traditional up to bottom job design, representing the staff's proactivity. Under job crafting, staffs incline to redefine and reshape the job content, working mode and cooperation relationship with teammates. Besides, job crafting can optimize organizational design and working relationship, which improves the staff's working identification and adversity coping ability. Based on the previous research results, this article attempts to summarize the definition, measurement, antecedents and consequences of job crafting. Meanwhile, this article also puts forward future research directions of job crafting.
Investigations of major offshore accidents show that both technical and non-technical factors have crucial effects on the accident sequences. Nonetheless, quantitative risk analyses (QRAs) have traditionally focused on the technical safety systems while applications and findings in the non-technical fields are to a large extent missing. This paper proposes a new quantitative risk modelling methodology reflecting and analyzing how specific factors with respect to human, operational and organizational risk influencing factors (RIFs) influence the barrier performance for offshore maintenance work. New RIF-Index is proposed to identify and structure diverse RIFs for all failure events. RIFs are assessed by experts according to the established fuzzy scoring criterion. Further, the modified fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) addressing the fuzzy consistency is used to assess the importance degree of RIFs. On this basis, the industry average frequencies/probabilities are revised through an integrated assessment of the priority weights and the status of RIFs. Thus, input of the revised frequencies/probabilities results in an updated risk picture, which takes the specific conditions of technical, human, operational and organizational RIFs into account. Specific hydrocarbon release incident on the offshore installation is used as a case study with the purpose to apply and test the proposed methodology. It has been demonstrated that the proposed methodology is an effective tool for analyzing the failure of safety barriers, and handling the uncertainties and subjectivities arising in the operational risk analysis. The methodology is useful in demonstrating the effects on the barrier performance of installation specific conditions of non-technical RIFs.
The current offshore field development concepts (dry tree or subsea tree) have limitations for petroleum production in ultra-deep water (more than 1500 m), where the challenges are characterized by the depth of water, remoteness and harsh environmental conditions. A new alternative offshore field development solution, termed as Deepwater Artificial Seabed (DAS) system, is proposed. The new DAS system offers improved technical and commercial performance, higher levels of safety, reduced interface complexity and improved development flexibility for field development in deep and ultra-deep water. Central to the evaluation and application of the new DAS system is the inherent risk relative to the acceptance level. Hence, barriers in the new DAS system are established and maintained to prevent, control or mitigate undesired events or accidents. This paper investigates a new risk control mechanism for the innovative DAS system in accordance with the online risk monitoring and decision support principle. Firstly, main characteristics and design principle of the DAS system are presented. On this basis, the main hazards for the DAS system are identified, which includes well incident/ loss of well control, mooring system failure, ballast system failure, leak from riser, flexible jumper and subsea production facilities, and damage to riser, flexible jumper and subsea production facilities. The risk level of the identified hazards related to offshore petroleum systems already in use is analyzed and presented by the results from the risk assessment for the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS) in the period of 2008-2017. It has been demonstrated that the risk associated with the key sub-systems including the ballast system, mooring system, well system and external impact protection system is at a level that calls for further risk reduction. This is followed by the barrier management principles as well as a discussion of existing and potential barriers in the DAS system. Improved barrier functions in the key sub-systems are analyzed systematically and proposals for alternative barrier functions are suggested based on the online risk modelling and decision support principle. Further, a case study in regard to the DAS mooring system failure event is conducted to demonstrate how the new risk control mechanism works. The proposed new risk control mechanism could improve the safety of the DAS system and convince the offshore petroleum industry for application significantly.
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