As a eukaryotic organelle,
the Golgi apparatus plays an essential
role in various physiological activities such as stress response.
The Golgi stress response is an important physiological process of
conferring cytoprotection by regulating the synthesis and metabolism
of bioactive molecules. Therefore, the development of new suitable
in situ analytical techniques for monitoring related small molecular
substances in the stress reaction of the Golgi apparatus is very helpful
for further study of the regulatory mechanism of the Golgi apparatus.
Recent studies have shown that endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) also possesses crucial bioregulatory and protective performances
in the stress response. Therefore, the high-fidelity in situ mapping
of H2S production under the Golgi stress response plays
an important role not only in revealing cytoprotection functions of
H2S in the stress response but also in further understanding
the regulatory mechanism of the Golgi stress response. In this work,
we designed a simple Golgi-targetable H2S fluorescent probe
(Gol-H
2
S) that responds
accurately and sensitively to H2S in the Golgi apparatus
of living cells and zebrafish. On the basis of its superior bioimaging
performances, probe Gol-H
2
S was successfully applied to the in situ visualization of
H2S production under the Golgi stress response elicited
by monensin, a specific-Golgi stressor. The related process of the
Golgi stress response was validated by stimulation and inhibition
experiments. These findings fully demonstrate that H2S
is an alternative biomarker of the Golgi stress response. Moreover,
probe Gol-H
2
S can
also be used as a potential tool for disclosing the detailed H2S-cytoprotection mechanisms under the regulation of the Golgi
stress response in related diseases.
As a traditional Chinese medicine, Croton tiglium has the characteristics of laxative, analgesic, antibacterial and swelling. This study aimed to analyze the chemical composition of C. tiglium essential oil (CTEO) extracted from the seeds of C. tiglium and its cytotoxicity and antitumor effect in vitro. Supercritical CO 2 fluid extraction technology was used to extract CTEO and the chemical constituents of the essential oil were identified by comparing the retention indices and mass spectra data taken from the NIST library with those calculated based on the C7-C40 n-alkanes standard. In vitro cytotoxicity of the CTEO was assessed against cancer cell lines (A549) and the human normal bronchial epithelial cells (HBE) using the CCK-8 assay. Proliferation was detected by colony formation experiments. Wound scratch and cell invasion assays were used to detect cell migration and invasion. Levels of apoptotic markers, signaling molecules, and cell cycle regulators expression were characterized by Western blot analysis. As the results, twenty-eight compounds representing 92.39% of the total oil were identified in CTEO. The CTEO has significant antitumor activity on A549 cancer cells (IC 50 48.38 μg/mL). In vitro antitumor experiments showed that CTEO treatment significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of A549 cells, disrupted the cell cycle process, and reduced the expression levels of cyclin A, cyclin B and CDK1. CTEO can also reduce mitochondrial membrane potential, activate caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway, and finally induce apoptosis. CTEO may become an effective anti-cancer drug and will be further developed for cancer treatment.
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