The Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana plays important roles in maintaining appropriate ion homeostasis in the cytoplasm and regulating plant tolerance to salinity. However, little is known about the details regarding SOS family genes in the tuber mustard crop (Brassica juncea var. tumida). Here, 12 BjSOS family genes were identified in the B. juncea var. tumida genome including two homologous genes of SOS1, one and three homologs of SOS2 and SOS3, two homologs of SOS4, two homologs of SOS5 and two homologs of SOS6, respectively. The results of conserved motif analysis showed that these SOS homologs contained similar protein structures. By analyzing the cis-elements in the promoters of those BjSOS genes, several hormone- and stress-related cis-elements were found. The results of gene expression analysis showed that the homologous genes were induced by abiotic stress and pathogen. These findings indicate that BjSOS genes play crucial roles in the plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses. This study provides valuable information for further investigations of BjSOS genes in tuber mustard.
GmNARK (Glycine max nodule autoregulation receptor kinase) is the homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana CLAVATA1 (CLV1) and one of the most important regulators in the process of AON (Autoregulation of Nodulation), a process that restricts excessive nodule numbers in soybean. However, except for the function in AON, little is known about this gene. Here, we report that GmNARK plays important roles in process of plant response to abiotic stresses. Bioinformatic analysis and subcellular localization experiment results showed that GmNARK was a putative receptor like kinase and located at membrane. The promoter of GmNARK contains manifold cis regulatory elements that are responsive to hormone and stresses. Gene transcript expression pattern analysis in soybean revealed GmNARK was induced by ABA and NaCl treatment in both shoot and root. Overexpression of GmNARK in Arabidopsis resulted in higher sensitivity to ABA and salt treatment during seed germination and greening stages. We also checked the expression levels of some ABA response genes in the transgenic lines; the results showed that the transcript level of all the ABA response genes were much higher than that of wild type under ABA treatment. Our results revealed a novel role of GmNARK in response to abiotic stresses during plant growth and development.
The swollen succulent stem of tumorous stem mustard (Brassica juncea var. tumida Tsen et Lee) is the raw material in the processing of Chinese Fuling zhàcài. We found that total polyphenols and flavonoids contents of tumorous stem mustard leaf extracts (TSMLE) were significant higher than that of tumorous stem mustard stem extracts (TSMSE). The percentage of isorhamnetin 5-O-hexoside, methyl quercetin O-hexoside, and luteolin O-hexosyl-O-hexosyl-O-hexoside in TSMLE were 170, 230 and 694 times higher than that in TSMSE. TSMLE presented stronger antioxidant capacity against 2,2'-Azino-bis[3-ethylbenzothiazoline]-6-sulfonic acid cationic free radical (ABTS + ) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals, and it also showed higher reducing power and ferric reducing antioxidant power. Both TSMLE and TSMSE inhibited lung carcinoma cell growth in a dose-dependent manner, while TSMLE was more effective against A549 cells than TSMSE. This is the first report indicates that tumorous stem mustard, especially its leaf, is a potential diet source in preventing of oxidative stress and cancer.
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