Graphene has attracted increasing attention in different scientific fields including catalysis. Via modification with foreign metal-free elements such as nitrogen, its unique electronic and spin structure can be changed and these doped graphene sheets have been successfully employed in some catalytic reactions recently, showing them to be promising catalysts for a wide range of reactions. In this review, we summarize the recent advancements of these new and interesting catalysts, with an emphasis on the universal origin of their catalytic mechanisms. We are full of hope for future developments, such as more precisely controlled doping methods, atom-scale surface characterization technology, generating more active catalysts via doping, and finding wide applications in many different fields.

In this perspective, recent developments on palladium and nickel mediated chain walking olefin polymerization and copolymerization with polar functionalized comonomers are described. First, the chain walking polymerization mechanism is discussed followed by its implications in olefin polymerization and copolymerization. Then, recent advances in catalyst design are provided. Special attention is paid to the influence of ligand structures on the catalytic properties. Subsequently, the applications of these chain walking polymerization catalysts in the synthesis of functionalized hyperbranched polymers and copolymers are summarized. Finally, some recent developments and perspectives on very fast and very slow chain walking polymerization catalysts are discussed.

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