Objectives: Cancer susceptibility candidate 2 (CASC2) and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) have been identified as a tumor suppressor in colorectal, lung, renal, and stomach cancer as well as in patient gliomas, but the function of CASC2 in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is not yet clear. The present study aimed to explore the effects of CASC2 in PTC.Methods: The CASC2 expression was measured in PTC samples and normal tissues by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The lentiviral vectors were used to establish CASC2 overexpression models in PTC cell lines to determine the effects of CASC2 on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. A tumor xenograft animal model was used to examine the functions of overexpression CASC2. Results: CASC2 expression was significantly decreased in PTC tumor tissues than adjacent normal tissues. CASC2 downregulation in PTC tissues significantly correlated with the tumor size, the presence of multifocal lesions, and the advanced pathological stage. CASC2 overexpression suppressed the cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis in PTC cell lines and CASC2 overexpression resulted in the inactivation of protein kinase B (PKB/AKT) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2). The regulatory effects of CASC2 on PTC cell biological behavior were further enhanced by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor U0126 or AKT1/2/3 inhibitor MK-2206 2HCl. CASC2 overexpression suppressed tumor growth in PTC cells in xenograft mouse models. Conclusion: Our results indicated that CASC2 significantly suppressed tumorigenesis in PTC and CASC2 may serve as a novel prognostic marker or therapeutic target.
Background
To study the expression of microribonucleic acid (miR)‐205 in breast cancer and its effects on the proliferation and apoptosis of breast cancer cells.
Methods
Breast cancer cell line MCF‐7 cells with stable expression of miR‐205‐3p were constructed. Cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis were detected via MTT assay, transwell assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. The expressions of Ezrin, LaminA/C, cleaved caspase‐3, Bcl‐2, and Bax were detected via Western blotting. The expressions of miR‐205‐3p in breast cancer tissues and para‐carcinoma tissues were detected via quantitative PCR (qPCR).
Results
In transfection group, cell proliferation and invasion capacities were increased significantly (P < 0.01), but apoptotic cells were significantly reduced (P < 0.01). In addition, the expressions of Ezrin, LaminA/C, and cleaved caspase‐3 in the transfection group were significantly decreased (P < 0.01), but the Bcl‐2/Bax ratio was significantly increased (P < 0.01). The miR‐205‐3p expression in tumor tissues of breast cancer patients was significantly higher than that in para‐carcinoma tissue, but Ezrin, LaminA/C, and cleaved caspase‐3 expressions in tumor tissues were remarkably declined (P < 0.01), while the Bcl‐2/Bax ratio was remarkably increased (P < 0.01). Moreover, the 5‐year survival of patients with high expression of miR‐205‐3p was significantly shorter than patients with normal or low expression (P < 0.01).
Conclusion
Highly expressed miR‐205‐3p can promote the proliferation and invasion and reduce the apoptosis of breast cancer cells, and the high expression of miR‐205‐3p can significantly reduce the survival time of patients.
In this article we investigated the preparation of tissue-engineered urethra by using the urethral epithelial subculture cells of male New Zealand young rabbits. We inoculated the epithelial cells of urinary mucosa of male New Zealand young rabbits on collagen, chitosan and collagen chitosan composite as scaffolds to prepare tissue-engineered urethra. The results of inverted phase contrast microscope, HE staining and scanning electron microscope of three kinds of tissue-engineered urethra were compared. What’s more, we reported a new method for quantitative and rapid detection of epithelial cell activity of urinary mucosa in situ by Interactive Laser Cytometer. The collagen chitosan composite was more similar to the extracellular matrix of mammalian. Its three-dimensional porous structure had a high area volume ratio, which was conducive to cell adhesion, growth and metabolism. In vitro, the urethral epithelial cells had been cultured on collagen chitosan composite, and the tissue-engineered urethra was successfully prepared, which laid a solid foundation for further in vivo experiments.
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