The flexible self-supporting electrode can maintain good mechanical and electrical properties while retaining high specific capacity, which meets the requirements of flexible batteries. Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs), as a new generation of energy storage system, hold much higher theoretical energy density than traditional batteries, and they have attracted extensive attention from both the academic and industrial communities. Selection of a proper substrate material is important for the flexible self-supporting electrode.Carbon materials, with the advantages of light weight, high conductivity, strong structural plasticity, and low cost, provide the electrode with a large loading space for the active material and a conductive network. This makes the carbon materials meet the mechanical and electrochemical requirements of flexible electrodes. In this paper, the commonly used fabrication methods and recent research progresses of the flexible self-supporting cathode with a carbon material as the substrate are introduced. Various sulfur loading methods are summarized, which provides useful information for the structural design of the cathode. As the first review article of the carbon-based flexible self-supporting LSB cathodes, it provides valuable guidance for the researchers working in the field of LSB.
Exchange bias stems from the interaction between different magnetic phases, and therefore, it generally occurs in magnetic multilayers. Here, we present a large exchange bias in a single SrRuO layer induced by helium ion irradiation. When the fluence increases, the induced defects not only suppress the magnetization and the Curie temperature but also drive a metal-insulator transition at a low temperature. In particular, a large exchange bias field up to ∼0.36 T can be created by the irradiation. This large exchange bias is related to the coexistence of different magnetic and structural phases that are introduced by embedded defects. Our work demonstrates that spintronic properties in complex oxides can be created and enhanced by applying ion irradiation.
The rare-earth nickelates are a rich playground for transport properties, known to host non-Fermi liquid character, resistance saturation and metal-insulator transitions. We report a study of transport in LaNiO 3 in the presence of tunable disorder induced by irradiation. While pristine LaNiO 3 samples are metallic, highly irradiated samples show insulating behaviour at all temperatures. Using irradiation fluence as a tuning handle, we uncover an intermediate region hosting a metal-insulator transition. This transition falls within the Mott-Ioffe-Regel regime wherein the mean free path is comparable to lattice spacing. In the high temperature metallic regime, we find a transition from non-Fermi liquid to a Fermi-liquid-like character. On the insulating side of the metal-insulator transition, we find behaviour that is consistent with weak localization. This is reflected in magnetoresistance that scales with the square of the field and in resistivity. In the highly irradiated insulating samples, we find good agreement with variable range hopping, consistent with Anderson localization. We find qualitatively similar behaviour in thick PrNiO 3 films as well. Our results demonstrate that ion irradiation can be used to tailor transport, serving as an excellent tool to study the physics of localization.
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