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Computational ghost imaging (CGI) achieves single-pixel imaging by using a Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) to generate structured illuminations for spatially resolved information encoding. The imaging speed of CGI is limited by the modulation frequency of available SLMs, and sets back its practical applications. This paper proposes to bypass this limitation by trading off SLM’s redundant spatial resolution for multiplication of the modulation frequency. Specifically, a pair of galvanic mirrors sweeping across the high resolution SLM multiply the modulation frequency within the spatial resolution gap between SLM and the final reconstruction. A proof-of-principle setup with two middle end galvanic mirrors achieves ghost imaging as fast as 42 Hz at 80 × 80-pixel resolution, 5 times faster than state-of-the-arts, and holds potential for one magnitude further multiplication by hardware upgrading. Our approach brings a significant improvement in the imaging speed of ghost imaging and pushes ghost imaging towards practical applications.

Optical sectioning imaging with high spatial resolution deep inside scattering samples such as mammalian brain is of great interest in biological study. Conventional two-photon microscopy deteriorates in focus when light scattering increases. Here we develop an optical sectioning enhanced two-photon technique which incorporates structured illumination into line-scanning spatial-temporal focusing microscopy (LTSIM), and generate patterned illumination via laser intensity modulation synchronized with scanning. LTSIM brings scattering background elimination and in-focus contrast enhancement, and realizes nearly 2-fold increase in spatial resolution to ∼208 nm laterally and ∼0.94 µm axially. In addition, the intensity modulated line-scanning implementation of LTSIM enables fast and flexible generation of structured illumination, permitting adjustable spatial frequency profiles to optimize image contrast. The highly qualified optical sectioning ability of our system is demonstrated on samples including tissue phantom, C. elegans and mouse brain at depths over hundreds of microns.

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