Displays such as mobile phones are viewed under surround conditions that vary from dark night to bright sunlight. The overall goal of this study is to test the appropriateness of CIECAM02 for mobile displays, and modify it according to any insufficiency found. Firstly, the testing of CIECAM02 is described using the visual data from 2‐inch display of three achromatic backgrounds (gray, black, and white), and three surround conditions (dark, dim, and average). Secondly, CIECAM02 was tested under four surround conditions (dark, dim, average, and bright), and three displays (2‐, 4‐, and 7‐inch), with only the gray background used, to focus more on the surround conditions. Those twelve experimental phases were used to refine CIECAM02, considering the surround factors. The surround parameters (c, F, and NC) were optimized, and Ncb was modified from the CIECAM02; the modified model is named MobileCAM‐v1. Colourfulness prediction by MobileCAM‐v1 has been improved, especially for a black background under average surround condition. A further refined version of CIECAM02, MobileCAM‐v2, was developed, for mobile displays viewed under different surround conditions. A set of equations based on surrounding conditions was first derived, to be able to accurately define surround parameters. The MobileCAM‐v2 model gave the largest improvement in brightness, followed by lightness, and with colourfulness the smallest. The improvement is significant for bright surround conditions, improving the performance of CIECAM02 in predicting the visual results. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 40, 114–124, 2015
Small displays are widely used; they are small enough to be carried around and are often viewed under extreme surround conditions. Under bright illumination, mobile display users experience ''veiling glare'' caused by bright ambient lighting. A refined version of CIE-CAM02 called ''Refined CIECAM02 and original CIE-CAM02'' were tested to predict visual results in terms of lightness (J), colourfulness (M), and brightness (Q) on a 2-inch sized display (2 00 ) mobile phone under four surround conditions; dark (0 cd/m 2 ), dim (5 cd/m 2 ), average (1000 cd/m 2 ), and bright (10,000 cd/m 2 ). Other than the two versions of CIECAM02 using the original data, a correction to the models' predicted lightness J and a black correction to the original data were developed. Overall, the refined CIECAM02 plus the J correction performed the best for predicting the lightness, brightness and colourfulness under all the viewing conditions, especially for bright surround condition. Furthermore, another experiment was carried out using complex images to verify different versions of CIECAM02. The images were reproduced using JMh (lightness, colourfulness, and hue) spaces from the modified CIECAM02 versions. The experiment was conducted by comparing original images viewed under dim, average, or bright surround conditions and the predicted images were viewed under dark surround condition on two identical mobile displays. The different versions of the CIECAM02 showed similar results to each other for dim and average surround conditions but large differences when predicting the images under bright surround condition. The refined CIECAM02 with the J 0 formula performed the best amongst all four CIECAM02 versions.
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