Blood flows to the major organs of the resting conscious dog were measured prior to and 30 and 90 min after feeding using the radioactive microsphere technique. Mean systemic arterial pressure, heart rate, and arterial PO2, PCO2, and pH, as well as blood flow to the brain, heart, adrenals, skeletal muscle, hepatic artery, and gastric antrum were not significantly changed following the meal. Pancreatic and duodenal and jejunal blood flows increased at both 30 and 90 min, whereas ileal blood flow increased only at 90 min after feeding. Flow to the gastric body increased in only half of the fed animals, but it increased in all of the animals treated with histamine. In all cases where there was an increase in total wall flow the increase was confined to the mucosa-submucosal layer. Blood flow to the colon was unchanged except for a decrease in the distal colon at 30 min. Thus, the cardiovascular response to feeding appears to be limited to those organs and tissues actively involved in digestion.

Introduction While transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) is an effective way to control arterial bleeding associated with pelvic fracture, delayed TAE may increase mortality risk. The purpose of the current study was to determine how time to TAE affects outcomes in patients with pelvic fracture in the emergency department. Methods From January 2014 to December 2016, the trauma registry and medical records of patients with pelvic fracture who underwent TAE were retrospectively reviewed. The relationship between the time to TAE and patient outcomes was evaluated. The characteristics of surviving and deceased patients were also compared to search for prognostic factors affecting survival. Results Eighty-four patients were enrolled in the current study. Among patients with pelvic fracture who underwent TAE, the overall mortality rate was 16.7%. There were positive relationships between the time to TAE and the requirement for blood transfusion and between the time to TAE and intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS). Nonsurviving patients were significantly older (57.4 ± 23.3 vs. 42.7 ± 19.3 years old, p = 0.014) and had higher injury severity scores (ISSs) (36.4 ± 11.9 vs. 23.9 ± 10.9, p < 0.001) than were observed in surviving patients. There was no significant difference in the time to TAE between nonsurviving and surviving patients (76.9 ± 47.9 vs. 59.0 ± 29.3 min, p = 0.068). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ISS and age served as independent risk factors for mortality. Every one unit increase in ISS or age resulted in a 1.154- or 1.140-fold increase in mortality, respectively ( p = 0.033 and 0.005, respectively). However, the time to TAE serves as an independent factor for ICU LOS ( p = 0.015). Conclusion In pelvic fracture patients who require TAE for hemostasis, longer time to TAE may cause harm. An early hemorrhage control is suggested.

CSBP and AIx(75) were independent factors for future DM in essential hypertensive patients. Increased central pressure indexes were associated with risk of DM in essential hypertension.

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