Prematurity, intrauterine infection and perinatal brain injury have been reported to be significant risk factors of cerebral palsy (CP). We examined the perinatal predictors of cerebral palsy and delayed development (DD) in 184 high risk infants. Thirty-five infants were diagnosed as cerebral palsy and delayed development at 12 months corrected age. Antenatal, intrapartum, and neonatal factors were prospectively evaluated in 2 groups of high risk infants compared with controls; Group A (n = 79), infants weighing less than 2,000 g; Group B (n = 43), infants weighing 2,000 g or more. In univariate analysis, there were no significant antenatal and intrapartum factors associated with cerebral palsy and delayed development in either group. We found that significant postnatal risk factors of CP in group A included sepsis (p = 0.008), BPD (bronchopulmonary dysplasia) (p = 0.028), IVH (intraventricular hemorrhage) (p = 0.042), ventriculomegaly (VM) (p = 0.001) and a longer duration of mechanical ventilation (p = 0.001); while in group B, sepsis (p = 0.047) and neonatal seizure (p = 0.027) were significant risk factors. In multivariate analysis, sepsis in group B was a moderate risk factor of CP (OR (odds ratio) 1.47; 95% CI (confidence interval) 1.02-2.13). In conclusion, neonatal sepsis may contribute to the development of cerebral palsy and delayed development. We suggest that high risk infants who have sepsis should be carefully followed for cerebral palsy and delayed development. The prevention of cerebral palsy may be feasible by decreasing neonatal risk factors such as sepsis during the neonatal period.
The tests measuring stress-strain curves were carried out on a universal testing machine <]50 ton) equipped with an electric furnace of 3 partial heaters. The details of the loading assembly and extensometer is shown in Fig, 1. As a general rttle, temperature was increased at the rate of about 10Clminute, To obtain an even distribution of temperature in a specimen and get rid of thermal expansion and shrinkage, test specimens were kept for 1-1. 5 hours at each test tempeTature. The detail of test procedures is described in Ref.(6). And additional tests has been performed to obtain thermaL expansion, weight losses at various temperatures and stTess-strain loops during unJoading and reloading. Test specimens were: A1 series of concrete specimens (Usual Strength Cencrete) : 5 ¢ × 10 cm cylinders, age 1 year, Portlafid cement, Tama River sand and gravel, 1 cm maximum size, cement-sand-gravel ratio
Objective: Pontosubicular neuron necrosis (PSN) represents an age-specific response to severe hypoxic-ischemic injury (HII) occurring in human neonates but not in older children or adults. Histologically, PSN is characterised by acute neuronal death in the pontine nuclei and the hippocampal subiculum bearing the hallmarks of apoptosis. The expression of Rbm3, a glycine-rich RNA-binding protein, is enhanced under hypoxic conditions and independent of HIF (hypoxia inducible factor). It is well known, that proteins which are dependant on HIF, e.g. Erythropoetin play an important role in HII. This study aims to determine whether the HIF-independent activation of Rbm3 is also a significant factor in the pathogenesis of PSN. Methods: We have investigated the expression of Rbm3 in human autopsy material consisting of 12 PSN cases and 10 age-matched controls without PSN. Immunohistochemistry and double labeling for Rbm3 and the astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), the microglia/macrophage specific marker KiM1P and the neuronal marker NeuN was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain specimens.Results: In PSN cases and controls, mainly neuronal cells expressed Rbm3. The number of immunopositive cells was significantly increased (pϭ0.001) in PSN cases. Predominantly degenerating cells with signs of later apoptotic stages showed Rbm3 expression. In earlier stages of apoptosis immunopositivity for Rbm3 was increased compared to contols, but less prominent.Conclusion: In addition to HIF-dependant proteins, the induction of the HIF-independent protein RMB3 is observed in response to human hypoxic-ischemic injury. 260 DEPARTMENT OF HOSPITAL PHYSICS, MRI UNIT AT THE KAROLINSKA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL, STOCKHOLM, (SWEDEN)In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) the trend is to move towards higher magnetic field strengths. This tendency is driven by the possibility to obtain better signal to noise ratios. One recent development is diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). As water diffusion is less hindered along the length of the axon than its cross section DTI allows for the investigation of the white matter microstructure. For example such histological correlates as the size cross sectional density, organization of axons and degree of myelination can be studied with this method. 13 preterm infants at term equivalent age and 6 healthy term newborn controls were studied. Median GA in the preterm group was 31 weeks, median postmenstrual age (PMA) ϭ 41 weeks when MR was performed. Term controls were examined at a median postnatal age of 2 days. Each subject underwent a single MRI examination on a 3 Tesla Trio Siemens scanner. MR protocol included a DTI sequence with 6 non-collinear diffusion weighting directions. From the raw data a diffusion tensor was estimated with linear least square fitting and from the tensor a scalar measure of anisotropic diffusion was calculated. This measure, called fractional anisotropy (FA), has been used to compare the groups. We present results demonstrating the feasibility of DTI at 3 Te...
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