The patients with light cupula show persistent geotropic DCPN without latency. Affected side(s) can be determined by the direction and intensity of the characteristic positional nystagmus and the side of the null plane. The pathophysiology and treatment of light cupula still remain to be elucidated.

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Xanthorrhizol, a natural compound isolated from Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. (Java turmeric), has been reported to possess antioxidant and anticancer properties; however, its effects on metabolic disorders remain unknown. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of xanthorrhizol (XAN) and C. xanthorrhiza extract (CXE) with standardized XAN on hyperglycemia and inflammatory markers in high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced obese mice. Treatment with XAN (10 or 25 mg/kg/day) or CXE (50 or 100 mg/kg/day) significantly decreased fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels in HFD-induced obese mice. XAN and CXE treatments also lowered insulin, glucose, free fatty acid (FFA), and triglyceride (TG) levels in serum. Epididymal fat pad and adipocyte size were decreased by high doses of XAN (26.6% and 20.1%) and CXE (25.8% and 22.5%), respectively. XAN and CXE treatment also suppressed the development of fatty liver by decreasing liver fat accumulation. Moreover, XAN and CXE significantly inhibited production of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in adipose tissue (27.8–82.7%), liver (43.9–84.7%), and muscle (65.2–92.5%). Overall, these results suggest that XAN and CXE, with their antihyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory activities, might be used as potent antidiabetic agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

The abnormal rates in MD were significantly higher than those in MV. Of 45 MD patients, 21 (47%), 32 (71%), and 24 (53%) exhibited abnormal caloric, HSN, and VIN results, respectively. Fourteen (31%) MD patients had migraine associated with vertigo, but the association was not accompanied by high rates of abnormal results in the tests. Of 76 MV patients, 19 (25%), 38 (50%), and 24 (32%) exhibited abnormal caloric, HSN, and VIN results, respectively. Overall, 84% of patients with MD and 66% with MV exhibited abnormal results on at least one test. Abnormal rates were highest in HSN, followed by VIN and the caloric test.

4.

A light cupula mechanism may be one of the causes of positional vertigo in patients with SSNHL. In these cases, persistent geotropic DCPN is observed in the supine head-roll test and the null plane can be identified on the same side as the hearing loss.

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