Engineering construction counterclaim occupy a very important position in the construction project cost management, is also a key part in engineering settlement audit. This paper introduces the properties, claim evidence, procedures, cost calculation and management etc. To safeguard the lawful rights and interests of all parties construction, to promote the healthy development of the construction industry.
In this paper strength and wall stress of a steel silo were calculated in designing by using 3-D finite element method. According to the analysis result, intensity inspection and structure optimization were executed, which could provide the reference basis for construction design.
With the development of modern industry, silo diameters are bigger and bigger. Lateral pressure of bulk materials in silos is one important parameter for designing silos, which is related to the economy and safety of the structure. However, present calculation methods of the lateral pressure are mostly based on small diameter silos. For now, in the Chinese code the wall pressure computation methods are based on Rankine theory to be calculated. It is shown that the calculated results of Rankine theory may overestimate the pressure. In this paper, the lateral pressure of large diameter silos is studied. A new formula for calculating lateral static pressure on shallow silo wall is derived by static equilibrium method. The formula of this paper is simple of calculation and can be used for large diameter silos with a circular con top pile. The results agree with that of the full-sized silo experiment better than the current code.
Lateral pressure is a key parameter to silos’ design. It has an important effect on the safety and efficiency of silos. The lateral pressure ratios that recommended by some overseas design codes and literatures have been analyzed. These ratios didn’t take into account the elasticity of silo wall, one of which is 28% smaller than the measure value, but another goes up to super pressure ratio. A new lateral pressure ratio is derived by considering the elasticity of silo wall, which is relevant to Passion ratio of stored material and relative stiffness coefficient . The coefficient of usual metal silo varies from 0.01 to 0.2, so it has significance to consider the wall elasticity.
With the increasing volume demand of silos, silo diameters are bigger and bigger. However, present wall pressure computation methods are mostly based on small diameter silos. To solve this problem, systematical research on the wall pressure in large diameter silos is of great importance. For now, in the Chinese code the wall pressure computation methods are based on the limit equilibrium theory to be calculated, which define the orientation of the rupture plane in the bulk solid within the silo. The rupture angle is a key parameter to silos’ wall pressure. Therefore the value and direction of rupture angle are researched by theoretical method in this paper, which has heavy significance and provide an important basis for the large diameter silo design.
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