ECC was more prevalent among 5-year-old children as compared to other age groups and moreover demographic factors such as mother's occupation, education, socioeconomic status, developmental characteristics such as enamel hypoplasia, feeding habits like prolonged and nocturnal bottle feeding and clinical parameters like plaque scores showed significant correlation with ECC.
INTRODUCTION:Indian national law namely Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA) exists since 2003 and aims at protecting all the people in our country, but smoking is still prevalent among people. This study was aimed to assess awareness, attitudes, and practices regarding prohibition of sale of tobacco products near educational institutions of Nellore city, India.MATERIALS AND METHODS:A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in degree colleges of Nellore city of Andhra Pradesh. The study population includes institutional personnel (student, teaching staff, nonteaching staff, and workers) of selected degree colleges of Nellore city. A structured questionnaire was designed for this study which was validated by Davis criteria; reliability was assessed by test–retest design. The questionnaire was divided into five parts consisting of demographic details (age and gender), smoking behavior, knowledge about tobacco control laws, attitudes toward the law and policies, and practices followed in the institution. Logistic regression analysis was used to find out the association between different independent variables to tobacco usage among institutional personnel.RESULTS:Among the study population (n = 400 [100%]), 75.8% of the teaching staff do not know that there should be a board in the institution saying that “sale of tobacco product in an area within the radius of 100 m of educational institution is strictly prohibited,” 82.2% of the study population were not aware to whom should they report, 96.3% of the study population accepted that strict execution of COTPA law saves life, the participants who answered no to strict implementation of COTPA law, and to punish the person who is violating the COTPA law are susceptible to 0.28, and 0.14 times greater odds to be a smokeless tobacco user, respectively.CONCLUSION:The study concluded that there was lack of knowledge about smoke-free legislation among the study population and a high support for strict implementation of COTPA.
Junk food culture has a vigorously uprising trend among youngsters and it makes people eat without planning. They eat not only during pre-set mealtime, but also in the leisure time (1,2,3). A food that is high in fat, sodium, and/or sugar, provides high calories, but is of no value, is generally known as a "junk food." Junk food seems attractive and is easy to prepare, carry, purchase, and consume. Common junk food includes fast food (burgers, pizzas, patties, nuggets, and so forth), chips, candy, sweet desserts, as well as aerated beverages (1,4). The terms fast food and junk food are often used interchangeably (5). Ingredients of the junk foods give them a good taste, making them addictive, and pose many health hazards. Multiple factors may influence the consumption of junk food. Studies among adolescents suggest that taste preferences, parental modeling, convenience, marketing strategies, and low prices all may play an influential role (6,7). It is known that food preferences develop in childhood; these dietary behaviors continue into adulthood and increase the risks of chronic diseases later in life (8,9,10). The early stages in the juvenility of teens represent a crucial period of transition in the overall human development; the total nutrient needs are higher during this stage of growth than in any other stage of the life cycle (11,12). It is also the time when a boy or girl increases their social interactions with their peers and develop different eating habits (6). It is a stage when they are least bothered about what they eat (13). Currently, fast food and junk food have expanded their sales in schools (14). For many students, the day is not complete without observing the "daily ritual" of visiting the junk food shop in and around the school premises (5).
There have been relatively few investigations regarding dental awareness and attitudes among medical practitioners. Aim To assess the dental awareness and attitudes of medical practitioners in Chennai. Methodology A cross sectional study was conducted using a structured questionnaire on 300 medical practitioners randomly selected. Results 85 % of undergraduates, 71 % of postgraduates, 80 % of diploma holders advised patients to visit dentist at least once in six months (P<0.05). 75 % of undergraduates, 85 % of postgraduates and 94 % of diploma holders knew that periodontal disease is a risk factor for infective endocarditis (P<0.05). 80 % of undergraduates, 77 % of postgraduates and 48 % of diploma holders were aware of systemic complications due to untreated dental diseases (P<0.01). Conclusion Dental awareness and attitudes was found to be good among medical practitioners in Chennai.
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