India is a leader when it comes to agriculture. A significant part of the country’s population depends on agriculture for livelihood. However, many of them face challenges due to using unreliable farming techniques. Sometimes the challenges increase to the extent that they commit suicide. Besides, India is highly populated, and its population is steadily increasing, requiring its government to grow its GDP and increase its energy supply proportionately. This paper reviews integrating solar farming with agriculture, known as Agrivoltaics, as a Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) option for Indian farmers. This study is further supported by the Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis of agrivoltaics. Using the SWOT analysis, this article presents how agrivoltaics can make agriculture sustainable and reliable. This paper identifies rural electrification, water conservation, yield improvement, sustainable income generation, and reduction in the usage of pesticides as the strengths of agrivoltaics. Similarly, the paper presents weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to agrivoltaics in India. The research concludes with the findings that agrivoltaics have the potential of meeting multiple objectives such as meeting global commitments, offering employment, providing economic stability, increasing clean energy production capacity, conserving natural resources, and succeeding in several others. The paper also includes a discussion about the findings, suggestions, and implications of adopting agrivoltaics on a large scale in India.
ABSTRACT:With limited maintenance dedicated to aging dam spillway gate structures, there is an increased risk of gate inoperability and corresponding dam failure due to malfunction or inadequate design. This report summarizes research on methodologies to assist in quantifying risks related to dam gates and associated operating equipment, and how those risks relate to overall spillway failure risk. The objective of the research was to demonstrate how fault tree analytical methods may be applied to improve the quality of dam gate risk analysis.Two different methods of prescreening analysis are presented and evaluated. The first uses probabilities for more events, defined more precisely than in standard practice, and adds criticality ranking; the second uses more traditional estimation of failure probabilities in conjunction with subsystem importance-ranking factors to estimate overall gate system failure probability. Both methods can be linked qualitatively with the Lafitte risk method through event costs and consequences to determine the overall risk for a dam spillway system.
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