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Accurate deployment of the femoral button on the lateral aspect of the lateral femoral condyle when using a suspensory fixation device for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is ideal. Direct visualization would be the most appropriate method of visualization in the lateral gutter. A previously described technique is performed with the knee in flexion. In this position, maneuverability of the arthroscope in the lateral gutter may be difficult in small knees because of tight lateral structures. We describe a simple technique in which visualization is performed with the knee in extension, which is especially useful in small knees.

A new CMOS current attenuator circuit is designed and demonstrated. The purpose of this circuit is to attenuate steady state current in conjunction with CMOS ADC readout circuits for electrochemical sensing applications. The circuit has been fabricated in a 5V AMS CMOS process. Salient features include: (1) bi-directional input current range from 25 nA to 300 nA; (2) current attenuation of 55 dB; (3) non-linearity around 2 % over the entire input current range; (4) output DC offset current of around 200 pA; (5) power consumption around 0.35 mW.

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