BACKGROUNDObstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a sleep-related breathing disorder characterised by full or partial occlusion of the upper airway during sleep. Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common disorder affecting at least 2% to 4% of the adult population and can occur in all age groups.The aim of our study is to assess the usefulness of Berlin, STOP-BANG and Epworth questionnaires in evaluation of obstructive sleep apnoea and to find specificity and sensitivity of Berlin, STOP-BANG and Epworth questionnaires in predicting diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea. MATERIALS AND METHODSA cross-sectional study aimed at predicting high risk of OSA based on using three questionnaires in comparison to the objective assessment using the standard overnight attended PSG on all the recruited patients. The study was conducted over 62 patients at the sleep disorders laboratory of pulmonary medicine, Sri Ramachandra University Hospital, Porur, Chennai. Anthropometric measures including body weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and neck circumference (NC) as well as gender were documented for all patients. RESULTSThe incidence of OSA in our study population was 87% of which percentage of population with mild, moderate and severe OSA were 24%, 20.9% and 41.9%. The above results show that the Berlin questionnaire score is a better tool than the STOP-BANG and Epworth score, since the average accuracy of Berlin questionnaire was 66.65. CONCLUSIONThe above results show that the Berlin questionnaire score is a better tool than the STOP-BANG and Epworth score, since the average accuracy of Berlin questionnaire was 66.65. Large prospective studies will be required to help establish the exact role of subjective Berlin, STOP-BANG and Epworth sleep screening questionnaires in evaluating patient with OSA.
HIV infection has changed the scenario of infectious disease. HIV-associated immunodeficiency resulted in a wide spectrum of new opportunistic infections. After introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART), immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) became an important challenge in management of 10% to 25% of the patients. Meta-analyses of IRIS from various reports published worldwide by Monika Muller et al described 12% IRIS incidence and 15.7% IRIS tuberculosis. Among IRIS tuberculosis, central nervous system involvement with IRIS tuberculous meningitis forms only 7%. Only 9 cases of tuberculous brain abscess is reported in patients with AIDS so far. The IRIS tuberculous brain abscess is very rare, and so far only 1 case is reported as a paradoxical reaction after ART initiation. Here, we report a case of recurrent IRIS tuberculosis meningitis and brain abscess.
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