Introduction:The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the effect of clonidine 200 μg and gabapentin 900 mg and pregabalin 150 mg in attenuation of the hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation in normotensive patients undergoing elective surgery.Methods:Ninety adult patients between 18 and 60 years are enrolled in the study. Patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists Grade-I and Grade-II are included which are posted for elective surgery under general anesthesia. Patients were divided into three groups: A, B, and C and received oral drugs 90 min before induction of general anesthesia, pregabalin 150, gabapentin 900mg, and clonidine 200 μg, respectively. Hemodynamic parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure were noted just before the (basal) administration of the drug, and in operation room, readings were recorded before intubation (T0) and after intubation at 1, 3, 5, and 10 min. Sedation and anxiety score were noted after 1 h of oral administration of the drug.Results:Mean arterial pressure was well attenuated by pregabalin than others, and mean heart rate following laryngoscopy and intubation was attenuated by clonidine group significantly.Conclusion:We conclude that oral pregabalin and gabapentin attenuate blood pressure response fairly well and heart rate significantly attenuated by clonidine. All three drugs are very effective for relieving anxiety and improving sedation.

Aims:Dexmedetomidine is very dynamic drug, used for analgesia, sedation, blunting the laryngoscopic responses and as adjuvants in regional anesthesia. Studies have shown that intravenous (iv) dexmedetomidine given during spinal anesthesia increases the quality of subarachnoid block (SAB). In this study, we compare the two iv regimen of dexmedetomidine on analgesic effect of spinal anesthesia. One is bolus dose of dexmedetomidine and other is infusion during the surgery, both given after induction of spinal anesthesia.Subjects and Methods:Sixty American Society of Anesthesiologists I and II patients scheduled to undergo surgeries under SAB were randomly allocated into two groups namely B and I. After SAB with 3.0 ml of bupivacaine 0.5% heavy, Group B received 0.5 μg/kg of dexmedetomidine bolus over 15 min, Group I received 0.5 μg/kg/h of dexmedetomidine infusion until the end of surgery.Statistical Analysis Used:All parametric data were statistically analyzed using Student's t-test and nonparametric data analyzed using Chi-square test and Fischer exact test as appropriate. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS.Results:Time to reach desired level T10 was quick in Group B compared to Group I. Regression of sensory and motor was prolonged in Group I compared to Group B. Total duration of analgesia was significantly prolonged in Group I 230.39 ± 16.20 compared to Group B 196.01 ± 14.32 and the difference is statistically significant (P = 0.0001). Both groups had Ramsay sedation score of 3 which lasted for 45 min in Group B while it was maintained in Group I. Side effects profile of both groups was comparable with few incidence of bradycardia and hypotension in both groups requiring treatment.Conclusions:We conclude that the continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine after SAB results in prolonged analgesia than just a bolus dose. Therefore, we suggest use of the maintenance dose of iv dexmedetomidine after SAB for prolonging the duration and achieving adequate sedation