BACKGROUND Prehypertension is common in adolescence and young adults and even normal blood pressure nowadays due to a marked increase in the sedentary lifestyle, job profile, psychological stress. Blood pressure (BP) in this age can linearly progress towards elevated levels of BP when associated with risk factors like body mass index (BMI). Along with lifestyle modifications, non-pharmacological interventions are also recommended to manage prehypertension and delay progression towards hypertension at a young age. Isometric handgrip training (IHGT) is emerging as a popular non-pharmacological therapy. Research has demonstrated hypotensive effects with IHGT in various sets when performed at 30 - 40 % maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). The purpose of the present study was to find the effect of isometric handgrip strength training (IHG) on blood pressure and pulse pressure in normotensive and prehypertensive population. METHODS An experimental study design where 26 participants meeting the inclusion criteria were selected by convenient sampling. They were equally grouped into normotensive and prehypertensive training groups after measurement of baseline BP. All of them performed five 2 - minute sustained isometric contractions, at 30 - 40 % of MVC, using 90 an inexpensive spring hand grip trainer, for six sessions per week for 2 weeks. MVC was determined by a hand dynamometer. Pre - to - post BP and PP were compared in the present study. RESULTS After 2 weeks, t-test and repeated measures of ANOVA revealed a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP) [Mean Difference 4, 9] and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) [Mean Difference – 5, 5] (P = 0.01) but PP did not change in normotensive (P - 0.64) and prehypertensives (P = 0.40). CONCLUSIONS Practicing IHGT using an inexpensive spring handgrip trainer for two weeks consecutively reduced blood pressure but not pulse pressure. KEY WORDS Isometric, Handgrip. Blood Pressure
Over past management research has positively identified benefits of cultural diversity and close integration on the organizational productivity. What we see lacking is emergence of contemporary Indian management ideas, framework and thought processes. Vivekananda was one of the first Indians with the ability to bridge Oriental and Western management philosophies, mold Vedanta within prevalent western beliefs. This trait of acknowledging innate diversity in the global world and yet finding common ground of brotherhood and humanity has been presented in a structured framework as part of this paper. We belief this framework has the potential to establish new paradigms of cultural acceptance and strengthen the increasingly globalized corporations.
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Acknowledging and adopting cultural diversity is one the of the most important traits of robust organizations who have permeated globally. This stands true for organizations like Google which advocates open access and rights for netizens globally and yet manages to thrive in a controlled economy like China. Still, cultural competence and understanding the environment we work in forms the very crux of survival of multinational organizations. Ikea which has recently started India operations faces this dilemma and cultural competence can become a deciding factor in its successful existence. It is here that Swami Vivekananda can come to its rescue and provide some valuable lessons to Ikea.
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