Background: Foliar application or foliar nutrition is a technique of feeding plants by applying liquid fertilizer directly to their leaves. Water soluble fertilizers have been introduced exclusively for foliar feeding and fertilization. There is very little information about the foliar application of water soluble fertilizers. There is need for more research in this field. Therefore, foliar nutrition is being recognized as an important method of fertilization in modern agriculture. The current study aimed to study the effect of foliar application of water soluble fertilizers on growth and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Methods: The field experiment was conducted during rabi 2017-18, 11 different treatments were laid out in a randomized block design on clay loam soil. In the field, the data was collected and analyzed and the final result was concluded. Result: The experiment revealed that the growth attributes such as plant height (60.28 cm), number of primary branches (5.22), number of secondary branches (22.93) and dry matter accumulation (241.61 g) were maximum with 75% RDF + foliar application of 2% DAP + 2% Urea + 2% WSF at 60 and 80 DAS (T10) and minimum in control (T1) at harvest stage. Further, seed yield (24.26 q ha-1), stover yield (31.38 q ha-1) and biological yield (55.65 q ha-1) was maximum with 75% RDF + foliar application of 2% DAP + 2% Urea + 2% WSF at 60 and 80 DAS (T10) and minimum in control (T1).

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Background Despite higher incidence of patellofemoral pain (PFP) and consequently morbidity, the understanding about PF factors leading to PF arthritis is way lacking. Material and Methods A prospective study of first 80 patients who were diagnosed with chondromalacia patella (CMP) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) divided into early and late CMP groups were evaluated clinically, radiologically, and in terms of functional outcome. Results : Quadriceps angle, Clark’s test, and Insall–Salvati ratio results were nonsignificant despite greater values were observed in late CMP group, whereas trochlear morphology results (sulcus angle: 153:138 degrees and sulcus depth 3.9:5.4 mm) and clinical scores were significant in late CMP group (Kujala’s score: 61:78, whereas PF pain score: 43:25). Type-C patellar morphology was found in greater number in late CMP cohort. Conclusion Trochlear and patellar morphologies along with clinical scores play a key role in understanding of the CMP.

This paper reports a new approach for clustering melodies in audio music collections of both western as well as Indian background and its application to genre classification. A simple yet effective new classification technique called mean centred clustering (MCC) is discussed. The proposed technique maximizes the distance between different clusters and reduces the spread of data in individual clusters. The use of MCC as a preprocessing technique for conventional classifiers like artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM) is also demonstrated. It is observed that the MCC-based classifier outperforms the classifiers based on conventional techniques such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and discrete cosine transform (DCT). Extensive simulation results obtained on different data sets of western genre (ISMIR) and classical Indian ragas are used to validate the efficiency of proposed MCC-based clustering algorithm and ANN/SVM classifiers based on MCC. As an additional endeavour, the performance of MCC on preprocessed data from PCA and DCT is studied. Based on simulation results, it is concluded that the application of MCC on DCT coefficients resulted in the highest overall classification success rate over different architectures of the classifiers.

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