Crystalloid was initiated significantly later with comorbid heart failure and renal failure, with absence of fever or hypotension, and in inpatient-presenting sepsis. Earlier crystalloid initiation was associated with decreased mortality. Comorbidities and severity did not modify this effect.

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A sarcoidosis patient may be refractory to corticosteroid therapy. This may be because corticosteroids are ineffective in relieving the sarcoidosis patient's symptoms/dysfunction or because the clinician has determined that the risks of corticosteroids outweigh their benefits. Interestingly, when corticosteroids truly fail to improve a sarcoidosis patient's condition, it is very rarely because of failure of the drug as an anti-granulomatous agent; rather, it is usually because the patient's symptoms were unrelated to active sarcoid granulomas. In this manuscript, we review the causes of corticosteroid refractory sarcoidosis. The clinician should consider these causes when confronted with a sarcoidosis patient who is either not responding to corticosteroids, developing corticosteroid side-effects, or is at significant risk of developing such side-effects. We believe that determining the cause of corticosteroid refractory sarcoidosis may aid the clinicians in optimizing the care of sarcoidosis patients and clinical researchers in appropriately stratifying patients for clinical trials.

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