Background Recent discoveries show that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) can bring many positive effects such as decreases in fat tissue, lower blood sugar levels, improved learning and memory, and lower risk of cardiac disease. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of the dopaminergic neurons, accompanied by chronic inflammation and neuroinflammation. Previous research shows that interval training can bring a beneficial effect on the inflammation and neuroplasticity in PD. Objectives The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of HIIT on the inflammation levels and antioxidant capacity in the serum of PD patients. Methods Twenty-eight people diagnosed with PD were enrolled in this study. Fifteen PD patients performed 12 weeks of HIIT on a cycloergometer. Thirteen non-exercised PD patients constitute the control group. Concentrations of inflammation markers and antioxidants’ capacity in the serum were measured at 3 sampling points (a week before, a week after, and 3 months after the HIIT). Results Twelve weeks of HIIT decreases the level of TNF-α (p = 0.034) and increases the level of IL-10 (p = 0.024). Those changes were accompanied by a decreased level of neutrophils (p = 0.03), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (p = 0.048) and neutrophil/monocyte ratio (p = 0.0049) with increases in superoxide dismutase levels (p = 0.04). Conclusions Twelve weeks of HIIT can decrease systemic inflammation in PD patients and improve the antioxidant capacity in their serum, which can slow down the progression of the disease.
Age-related decline in muscular force and power is an important prognostic indicator of functional impairments in older people. Most research has focused on the quadriceps and muscles which extend and flex the elbow and ankle joints as well as handgrip strength. To date, the strength of proximal and distal muscles of the upper limbs has not been compared in groups of active adults of differing ages. The aim of the study was to compare proximal muscles-expressed as torques of extension of the arm (ArmExt) and distal muscles-expressed as handgrip strength (HGS) in young and older physically active adults. This study examined 100 physically active volunteers without neuromuscular or central-nervous system disorders: 25 older males [OM] (68.3 ± 5.5 years) and 25 older females [OF] (67.0 ± 5.4) and a control group: 25 young males [YM] (21.2 ± 1.5) and 25 young females [YF] (21.3 ± 1.3). Strength measurements of the upper, dominant limb, were done under isometric contraction. The ArmExt measurement was done using Set Measurement Forces. For HGS measurement a hand dynamometer was used. The results showed no statistically significant differences in the ArmExt and ArmExt/kg of the OF and OM groups compared to the YF and YM groups, respectively. The HGS value for the OM group was statistically significantly lower than for the YM group. The HGS/kg in the OF and OM groups was statistically significantly lower than in the YF and YM groups, respectively too. Our results indicate a more pronounced effects of dynapenia being observed in distal muscles to compare with proximal ones in older physically active adults.
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