Plant species of medicinal interest are involved in various sectors in their raw state or in the form of oils, extracts, aqueous or organic solutions. Their preparations contain one or more active ingredients that can be used for therapeutic purposes. Medicinal plants are recognized for physicochemical properties and richness in natural drugs belonging to different molecule classes such as terpenoids and phenolic compounds, like flavonoids, tannins, coumarins and phenolic acids that contribute to effective protection against numerous pathological processes. This study was devoted to phytochemical screening and evaluation of biological properties, namely, the antioxidant activities of hydroethanolic and infusion extracts prepared from Algerian Sahara Nerium oleander. Phytochemical tests applied to the studied plant showed the presence of several families of chemical compounds, including tannins and flavonoids. All samples exhibited interesting antioxidant activity when compared to the standard Trolox, but the hydroethanolic extract (EC50 values between 18 and 75 µg/mL) presented the highest bioactivity. The contemporary presence of bioactivities suggests that the Saharan Nerium oleander may be a source for such new preservatives in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Traditional medicine still remains the main recourse of the majority of populations in developing countries. This medicine uses substances of animal, mineral and especially vegetable origin. Medicinal plants have always been part of the daily life of man since he uses them to feed himself, to cure himself and sometimes in his religious rites. Different traditional plants are used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, hypertension and their associated factors (diabetes, obesity, etc.). The roots and leaves of these plants are used in herbal tea in the treatment of these diseases. Traditional medicine, which is based on traditional knowledge, deserves to be promoted. This valorization requires the availability of improved traditional medicines, that is to say effective, with proven safety and with precise posology. This study is made on the effect of some medicinal plants on some cardiovascular diseases, liver diseases, and cholesterol in the blood as well as the blood pressure. On the other hand a kind of general description on some cardiovascular diseases; hypercholesterolemia and arterial hypertension, as well as the risk factors like obesity, we quote some medicinal plants indicated against these diseases.
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