Aim:The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the microleakage of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Geristore root-end filling materials in different environments.Materials and Methods:After removing the anatomical crowns of ninety extracted human maxillary central incisors, their root canals were instrumented and obturated. The apical 3 mm of each root was resected, and a standardized root-end cavity was prepared using an ultrasonic tip. The roots were alienated into three equal subgroups for each material and the root-end filling was performed in different environments namely dry, saliva contaminated, and blood contaminated. Samples were immersed in 0.2% Rhodamine B dye for 48 h. Roots were sectioned longitudinally and examined under a fluorescent microscope to measure the linear dye penetration. The results were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey's honestly significant difference post hoc test.Results:The Geristore dry group illustrated the lowest linear leakage, while the MTA saliva-contaminated group illustrated the highest leakage. In dry environment, linear dye penetration of both MTA and Geristore groups did not show any significant difference. However, statistically significant difference was observed between MTA and Geristore groups in blood- and saliva-contaminated environments.Conclusion:Geristore showed better results in saliva- and blood-contaminated environments; hence, Geristore may be used as an alternative to MTA for root-end filling.
BACKGROUND: The cement-in-cement femoral revision technique involves removing a femoral component from a well-fixed femoral cement mantle and cementing a new stem into the original mantle. This technique, when carried out for the correct indications, is fast, relatively inexpensive and carries a reduced short-term risk for the patient compared with conventional way of removing well-fixed cement. AIM: To analyze the effectiveness of cement in cement revision of the femoral stem while performing a revision Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA). METHODS: We analyzed a consecutive series of 79 patients who underwent a cement in cement revision THA between June-2015 to June-2018. All the patients were retrospectively analysed for operative time, complications, clinical and radiological outcomes. RESULTS: Average age was 76 years (49-86). The mean follow-up was 16.2 months (12-45). The average operative time was 184.6 (90-290) minutes. Most common indication was cup loosening in 28 patients (42.4%), dislocation in 14 patients (21.2%) and stem loosening in 12 patients (18.2%) Nine patients (11%) had one or more complications. Pre-operatively, 10 patients (13%) had lucency at the cement bone interface. Recent review has shown that 8 of these patients’ radiographs have remained unchanged, and in 2 of them there is a slight progression of lucency. Common post op clinical complaintswere persistent pain and abductor weakness. Five (6.3%) patients required a re-revision. Most of the patients had a good or satisfactory outcome.No stems showed radiological loosening. CONCLUSION: The cement-in-cement technique for revision of the femoral component gave promising results and had the advantages of speed, less blood or bone stock loss, less risk of femoral perforation or fracture, decreased financial costs and reduced post op morbidity.
Context: Comprehensive understanding of the anatomic position of pulp canal orifices and the measurements of the molar pulp space may maintain the pulp health during conservative tooth preparation and minimize the possibility of mishaps during endodontic therapy. Aims: The idea of the present study was to analyze the morphological measurements of anatomical landmarks in human maxillary first molar pulp chambers and evaluation of number of pulp canal orifices using three-dimensional spiral computed tomography (SCT). Subjects and Methods: One hundred and thirty extracted intact human adult maxillary first molars were chosen from the North Indian population and were analyzed using SCT in axial and coronal sections. Statistical Analysis Used: Standard deviation, mean, and coefficient of variance were calculated. Interobserver reliability was evaluated using kappa value to avoid any bias. Results: The results from our study showed that 69.23% of the sample teeth had four canal orifices, the mesial and distal pulp horns were present at an average distance of 0.80 ± 0.36 mm and 0.41 ± 0.34 mm, respectively, above the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), and the mean distance from the central groove of central fossa to furcation and the central groove of central fossa to the pulp chamber's roof was 8.37 ± 0.33 mm and 3.87 ± 0.29 mm, respectively. The average distance of the pulp chamber's floor from the furcation was found to be 2.47 ± 0.11 mm. The highest degree of variance was observed in case of relation of CEJ to pulp horns, i.e., 44.85% and 82.60%. Conclusions: The dimensions observed in this study and its resemblance to the various studies reported in literature shift the fundamental anatomic approach to a more systemic quantifiable approach to the endodontic maxillary first molar access preparation.
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