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A lab-scale sequencing batch reactor fed with real municipal wastewater was used to study nitrous oxide (N(2)O) emissions from simulated wastewater treatment processes. The experiments were performed under four different controlled conditions as follows: (1) fully aerobic, (2) anoxic-aerobic with high dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, (3) anoxic-aerobic with low DO concentration, and 4) intermittent aeration. The results indicated that N(2)O production can occur from both incomplete nitrification and incomplete denitrification. N(2)O production from denitrification was observed in both aerobic and anoxic phases. However, N(2)O production from aerobic conditions occurred only when both low DO concentrations and high nitrite concentration existed simultaneously. The magnitude of N(2) O produced via anoxic denitrification was lower than via oxic denitrification and required the presence of nitrite. Changes in DO, ammonium, and nitrite concentrations influenced the magnitude of N(2)O production through denitrification. The results also suggested that N(2)O can be produced from incomplete denitrification and then released to the atmosphere during aeration phase due to air stripping. Therefore, biological nitrogen removal systems should be optimized to promote complete nitrification and denitrification to minimize N(2)O emissions.

The research objective was to assess dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) bioavailability in wastewater effluents from a pilot-scale nitrification plant and a laboratory-scale total nitrogen (TN) removal plant. The DON bioavailability was assessed using a 14-day bioassay protocol containing bacterial and algal inocula. Nitrogen species, dissolved organic carbon, chlorophyll a, and biomass (as total suspended solids and culturable cell counts) concentrations were measured to assess DON bioavailability. The results showed an increase in algal chlorophyll a concentration, with a concurrent increase in algal biomass over time; increased bacterial counts and a decrease in DON concentration over time; and increased carbon-tonitrogen ratio at the end of the 14-day bioassay, indicating effluent DON bioavailability to algae and bacteria. Approximately 18 to 61% of the initial DON in low-total-nitrogen wastewater effluent (TN 5 4 to 5 mg/L) sample was bioavailable. The results show that bacteria and algae uptake and release DON during their growth. Water Environ. Res., 80, 397 (2008).

This study investigated the fate of nitrogen species, especially organic nitrogen, along the mainstream wastewater treatment processes in four biological nutrient removal (BNR) wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). It was found that the dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) fraction was as high as 47% of soluble nitrogen (SN) in the low‐SN effluent plant, which limited the plant's capability to remove nitrogen to very low levels. A lower DON fraction was observed in high‐SN effluent plants. Effluent DON concentrations from the four plants ranged from 0.5 to 2 mg N/L and did not vary significantly, even though there was a large variation in the influent organic nitrogen concentrations. Size fractionation of organic nitrogen by serial filtration through 1.2‐, 0.45‐, and 0.22‐µm pore‐sized membrane filters and the flocculation‐and‐filtration with zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) method was investigated. The maximum colloidal organic nitrogen (CON) fractions found were 68 and 45% in the primary effluent and final effluent, respectively. The experimental results showed that effluents after filtration through the 0.45‐µm pore‐sized filter contain significant colloidal fractions; hence, the constituents, including organic nitrogen, are not truly dissolved. A high CON fraction was observed in wastewater influents and was less significant in effluents. The flocculation and filtration method removed the colloidal fraction; therefore, the true DON fraction can be determined.

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The purpose of this study was to develop simple, accurate, and inexpensive mea,surement protocols for dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and dissolved non-reactive phosphorus (DNRP) at low levels in wa,stewater effluents. Two protocols are presented-one to measure DON exclusively, and the other to measure DON and DNRP simultaneously. Currently, DON and DNRP are calculated indirectly by subtracting the dissolved inorganic fractions from the total dissolved concentration, resulting in significant errors. To increase the accuracy of DON measurements, effluent sample pretreatment using ion exchange to remove nitrate was applied, Spectrometric methods were selected to measure the inorganic fractions-the second derivative UV spectroscopy method for nitrate, and the malachite green method for orthophosphate. These methods, combined with the optimized persulfate digestion of the samples, can be used to measure total dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus accurately. The measurement ranges attained were 0,05 to 3 mg N/L for DON and 0,01 to 0,5 mg P/L for DNRP, Water Environ. Res., 83, 675 (2011), KEYWORDS: dissolved organic nitrogen, dissolved orgatiic phosphorus, measurement, ion-exchange pretreatment,

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