The effects of ginger and pineapple juices on pH, color (L*, a*, b*), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), sensory intensity, and sensory preference of culled goat meat were determined. Completely randomized design (CRD) and randomized completely block design (RCBD) were applied for physicochemical attributes and sensory profiles, respectively. In raw condition, the pH of ginger-marinated sample was higher than that of pineapple-marinated sample. The increased trend in pH was found in the ginger-marinated and control-marinated samples, while the decreased trend was found in pineapple-marinated sample. A better redness stability of ginger-marinated sample was observed during the storage. Both plant juices had significant effects on controlling the malonaldehyde (MDA) formation. Ginger-marinated sample exhibited a brighter red color, less gamey odor, stronger marinated odor, and higher preference. In cooked samples, increasing pH but still with similar trend as in all raw samples was recorded. L* and b* of all samples were decreased on the fifth day of storage, while a* of ginger-treated sample was immensely elevated. Marinated juices were significant on retarding MDA formation along with less browning color and gamey aroma intensities. Reddish-brown color and stronger marinated odor resulted in high preferences on ginger-marinated sample. Less brown color in pineapple-marinated sample contributes to lower color and overall acceptances. In conclusion, ginger juice had a significant effect on covering the gamey flavor and showed positive effect on other sensory-supported attributes.

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of crude glycerin on slaughter weight and carcass characteristics of broilers. Total of 180 male Ross-308 day old chicks were allocated to 3 treatments with 4 replicates in a completely randomized design. The dietary treatments were: diet without crude glycerin inclusion (T1), diet with 5% crude glycerin inclusion from waste vegetable oil (T2), and diet with 5% crude glycerin inclusion from palm oil (T3). On day 42, twenty chickens per treatment were randomly sampled and slaughtered to determine the carcass characteristics. From the study, both crude glycerins did not give any effect on the slaughter weight and carcass characteristics, but broilers received crude glycerin had higher abdominal fat (p < 0.001) than control. Drip loss, cooking loss, pH, and meat color were not influenced by both types of crude glycerin, however, the skin color was significantly affected by palm oil crude glycerin inclusion (p < 0.05). Furthermore, meat from broilers with crude glycerin had higher lipid oxidation than control (p < 0.001). In conclusion, crude glycerins could be added in broiler's diet, however its effect on increasing fat and lipid oxidation must be taken into concern.

The effects of feeding concentrate diet containing crude glycerin supplementation and castration on carcass composition and meat quality of Thai Native x Anglo-Nubian (TN-AN) goats were investigated. Twenty TN-AN goats at the age of 12 months old with 24.75±1.33 kg initial live weight were allotted into a 2x2 factorial arrangement in completely randomized design when factor A was assigned for sexes (intact and castrated male) and factor B was assigned for 2 types of concentrate diet (control diet and diet supplemented with 10 % crude glycerin). Goats were intensively raised in individual pens with ad libitum water and Atratum grass (Paspalum atratum), while 2 % of concentrate diets was provided. After 90 days of feeding, 3 goats from each treatment combination were randomly sampled and sacrificed for further examination. From the study, castrated male goats had significantly higher slaughter and carcass weight, carcass fat percentage and chemical fat percentage than those of the intact males (P < 0.01). In addition, muscle from castrated male goats was more tender and lighter in color as compared with intact male goats (P < 0.01). Goats receiving a diet with extra glycerin had significantly higher weight at slaughter, warm carcass weight, carcass fat, and chemical fat percentages than those on the control diet. Therefore, it could be concluded that feeding goats with a diet of 10 % supplementary glycerin and castration could lead to better slaughter and warm weight, whereas a higher fat content in the carcass and muscle are observed.

Meat from dairy goats is less tender than that from meat goats since generally they are of an older age when culled. The objective of this study was to improve the quality of barbecued culled-dairy-goat by using juices (ginger and pineapple) and sodium bicarbonate (SB). The optimum time (30, 60, 90 min) for marinating the goat meat with ginger and pineapple juices was evaluated. Then, the optimum levels of SB (0, 1, 3, 5%) and the optimum marinating procedure for the application of SB was studied. The results showed that the ginger-marinated samples had a lower cooking loss than the pineapple-marinated samples. The optimum time for marinating the samples with plant juices was 60 min indicated by the lower hardness and chewiness as compared to those of the samples marinated with plant juices for 30 and 90 min. The cooking loss and L* values of the marinated samples significantly decreased with increasing concentrations of SB. The lowest hardness were observed in the samples marinated with pineapple juice containing 3% SB and ginger juice containing 5% SB. The samples marinated with pineapple juice for 60 min and then marinated with a barbecue sauce containing 3% SB for 60 min had a lower cooking loss and hardness as well as higher scores for all sensory attributes compared to the non-juice-marinated meat with SB and the ginger-marinated meat. The results indicate that pineapple juice and SB (3%) can improve the quality of culled dairy-goatmeat, and in particular its texture.

Potency of culled Saanen crossbred goat meat to replace the supply of yearling Boer crossbred goat meat was evaluated. Selected muscles from leg and shoulder cuts were analysed for their nutritional (proximate composition, collagen, amino acids, fatty acids), physicochemical (pH, myoglobin, drip loss, cook loss, shear force, lightness (L*) redness (a*) yellowness (b*), microstructure), and sensory (triangle test, hedonic test) evaluations. Meat samples from culled Saanen crossbred goat exhibited higher values in protein, collagen, and MUFA (P<0.05) than those from Boer crossbred goat, while lower values in ash, soluble collagen, and SFA were obtained (P<0.05). Meat from culled Saanen crossbred goat revealed higher cook loss, shear force, and redness compared to those from a yearling Boer crossbred goat (P<0.05). In addition, thicker perimysium in meat of Saanen crossbred goat was obtained particularly that could be seen on leg part. In sensory evaluation result, the panels could detect the differences between raw meat characteristics of these goat breeds (P<0.05) within the same muscle. However, the panels could not distinguish the difference between breeds in leg meat after being cooked. Shoulder meat of Saanen crossbred goat had less acceptance level compared to the other samples (P<0.05) particularly on its texture and taste quality. In summary, shoulder cut of culled Saanen crossbred goat exhibited a well-intentioned potency to substitute the supply of meat from yearling Boer crossbred goat. Nevertheless, pre-treatment might be applied to leg cut of Saanen crossbred goat to solve the less acceptance level of its textural and taste characteristics.Keywords: Saanen goat, Boer goat, goat meat quality, goat meat composition, microstructure of goat meat ABSTRAK Potensi daging kambing peranakan Saanen tua untuk mensubstitusi suplai daging kambing peranakan Boer telah dievaluasi. Otot dari bagian kaki dan bahu telah dianalisis untuk melihat kandungan nutrisi (komposisi proksimat, kolagen, asam amino, dan asam lemak), sifat fisikokimia (pH, mioglobin, susut drip, susut masak, shear force, lightness (L*) redness (a*) yellowness (b*), dan mikrostruktur), dan penilaian sensori (uji segitiga dan uji hedonik). Berdasarkan penelitian didapatkan bahwa kandungan protein, kolagen, dan MUFA daging kambing peranakan Saanen lebih tinggi (P<0.05) daripada daging kambing peranakan Boer, sedangkan kadar abu, kolagen terlarut, dan SFA-nya lebih rendah (P<0.05). Susut masak, shear force, dan redness daging kambing peranakan Saanen lebih tinggi daripada daging kambing peranakan Boer (P<0.05). Selain itu, gambaran perimisium yang lebih tebal (P<0.05) pada daging kambing peranakan Saanen telah didapatkan, terutama dapat dilihat pada bagian kaki. Pada penilaian sensori, panelis dapat membedakan daging mentah dari kedua bangsa kambing pada dua bagian karkas, tetapi panelis tidak dapat membedakan daging kaki di antara kedua bangsa kambing setelah dimasak. Daya terima panelis terhadap daging bahu paling rendah (P<0.05) dibandingkan...