The empowerment of Persons with Disabilities (PWD) has recently attracted the attention of the Indonesian government. Several initiatives have been made to empower their life, especially the establishment of Act No. 8/2016 which enhances their right to inclusive economic activities. This study aims to map PWD in Indonesian labor market. Specifically, it analyzes the characteristics of employed and unemployed PWD. It explored Labor Force Survey (Sakernas), which began to concern on disability issue in 2016. The results show that PWD prevalence varies highly among provinces led by West Sumatera, East Nusa Tenggara, and South Sulawesi and that PWD has lower labor participation rate than that of PWOD. It may indicate the significant presence of discouraged workers among PWD. Keywords: persons with disabilities; labor market; inclusive economic activities; labor participation rate; discouraged workers AbstrakPemerintah Indonesia telah menaruh perhatian atas pemberdayaan penyandang disabilitas. Beberapa inisiatif telah dilakukan, terutama melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 8/2016 yang meningkatkan hak mereka atas kegiatan ekonomi inklusif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan penyandang disabilitas di pasar tenaga kerja Indonesia. Secara khusus, penelitian ini menganalisis karakteristik penyandang disabilitas yang bekerja dan menganggur menggunakan data Survei Angkatan Kerja Nasional yang mulai memperhatikan masalah disabilitas sejak 2016. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan penyandang disabilitas sangat bervariasi, dengan jumlah tertinggi di Sumatera Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur, dan Sulawesi Selatan, dan bahwa penyandang disabilitas memiliki tingkat partisipasi angkatan kerja yang lebih rendah daripada non-penyandang. Hal ini mengindikasikan keberadaan pekerja yang putus asa yang signifikan di kalangan penyandang disabilitas. Kata kunci: penyandang disabilitas; pasar tenaga kerja; kegiatan ekonomi inklusif; partisipasi angkatan kerja; pekerja putus asa
The Modern Retail and Its Impact to Traditional Markets in DKI JakartaThis study aimed to analyze the impact of modern retail coexistence with traditional retail on traditional retail’s performance. Our observation is the 153 markets PD Pasar Jaya spread across DKI Jakarta and the modern retails (minimarkets, supermarkets, hypermarkets) location based on the retail zoning policy of Jakarta Regional Regulation No. 2/2002. This study used number of traditional retailers as a proxy of performance variable. The regression results indicate a non linear relationship between the number of modern retails–especially supermarket–and traditional retails performance in which the coexistence of one supermarket is positive for traditional market performance and negative afterwards.Keywords: Traditional Retail; Modern Retail; Zoning Policy; PerformanceAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak keberadaan ritel modern terhadap kinerja ritel tradisional dalam kebijakan zonasi ritel Peraturan Daerah (Perda) DKI Jakarta No. 2 Tahun 2002. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 153 ritel tradisional PD Pasar Jaya di DKI Jakarta dan keberadaan ritel modern (minimarket, supermarket, dan hypermarket) yang melanggar ketentuan kebijakan zonasi ritel. Penelitian ini menggunakan data jumlah pedagang ritel tradisional sebagai proksi variabel kinerja ritel tradisional. Hasil regresi mengindikasikan hubungan tidak linier antara jumlah ritel modern–terutama supermarket– dan kinerja pasar tradisional yaitu berpengaruh positif jika terdapat satu ritel modern kemudian menjadi negatif jika melebihi jumlah tersebut.
With the Electrified Vehicles (EVs) ventures being in the early stage, the cost-benefit analysis of the vehicles is key towards capturing the Indonesian market. As consumers, however, pricing may not only be the costs they consider; they also consider the total cost of ownership (TCO) of the cars they purchase. With that regard, this study discusses the total cost of ownership (TCO) of the EV in the Indonesian context, including calculations for HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicle), PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle), and BEV (Battery Electric Vehicle), as well as Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles for comparisons. Specifically, this study aims to: (i) identify the monetary factors which affects total cost of ownership (TCO) of electric and conventional cars in Indonesia, (ii) construct a TCO model and calculate the value of total cost of ownership of electric and conventional cars in Indonesia, and (iii) compare the value of total cost of ownership of electric and conventional cars in Indonesia related to the relevant switching cost between EVs and ICE. Our findings suggest that generally, in Indonesia, higher usage and/or length of ownership of EVs lead to more competitive TCO compared to ICE. We also explore a comprehensive number of scenarios (e.g., total annual mileage, years of ownership, price, fuel prices, and cost incentives) in which the TCO of EV maximizes Indonesian consumer welfare.
This paper uses a microeconomic approach to analyze the bank lending behavior in Indonesia during 2001:1 – 2005:7. The loan supply function is derived from the structural loan supply and demand equation in a Cournot-Oligopoly market. We treat the loan supply function as structural error component of the model, and apply to data of the 15 biggest banks in Indonesia.The proposed hypothesis; the bank engages in the profit maximization, cannot be rejected. This bank behavior is in conjunction with the bank’s interdependency. However, due to the internal inefficiency of the bank, the profit maximization behavior does not refflect the ideal condition of the banking intermediation function, not int the loan volume nor in the lending rate.Morever, the bank’s lending behavior respond positively with the loan rate, responds negatively on the interest liability (time deposit interest) and respond negatively on the investment alternative (the SBI). In addition, the SBI rate as a monetary policy instrument is not effective relative to loan interest rate to guide the banks in choosing between these two portfolio investments.Keywords : loan, cournot, interest rate, bank, pool analysisJEL Classification : C23, D43, E52, G21
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