Quillaja saponin is derived from the soap bark (Quillaja saponaria Molina) tree, contains a triterpenoid (non-steroidal) sapogenin structural component and exhibits a variety of effects when used as a feed additive. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of Quillaja saponin and fructooligosaccharide alone or in combination on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbial, and fecal noxious gas emissions in growing pigs. A total of 100 pigs [Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire) average body weight (BW) of 23.83 ± 1.95] were randomly allotted into 1 of 4 dietary treatment groups according to initial BW and sex (5 replicate/ treatment, with 3 gilts and 2 barrows per pen) in a 56-d trial. The treatments included a basal diet as negative control (NC), QS diet (QS, NC+ 0.2% QS), a FOS diet (FOS, NC+ 0.10% FOS), and a QS plus FOS diet (QSFOS, NC+ 0.2% QS+ 0.10% FOS). Pigs fed diet supplemented with QS, FOS, and QSFOS resulted in increased (P < 0.05) average daily gain and average daily feed intake during d 28-56 and 0-56, as well as improved the digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen during day 56 compared with NC. On d 28 and 56, there was an increase (P < 0.05) in body weight in the treatment’s groups compared with NC. The fecal Lactobacillus counts was increased and a reduction (P < 0.05) in fecal E. coli counts and HN3 and CO2emission from the feces was observed from pigs fed QS, FOS, and QSFOS supplemented diets. Dietary QS, FOS, and QSFOS supplementation has beneficial effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbial, and noxious gas emissions in growing pigs.
Salicylic acid (SA) is an organic acid found in willow bark and is most widely known as the precursor to acetyl salicylic acid. Such salicylates were commonly used as anti-inflammatory drugs, used both in human and veterinary medicine. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the effect of SA in 80 weaning pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] with average initial body weight of 6.38 ± 1.42 kg that were randomly assigned to treatment by body weight (BW). The feeding trial was divided into three phases: Phase- 1 (1to 7 days), Phase- 2 (8 to 21 days) and Phase-3 (22 to 42 days). For a period of 6 weeks, pigs were randomly allotted to two treatments, CON (basal diet) and SA (CON + 0.05% Salicylic acid), with 8 replications per treatment and five pigs per pen. Supplemental effects on growth performance were measured at the end of days 7, 21, and 42. Blood samples were collected from 2 pigs per pen at d 42. Turkey test was performed using GLM procedure of SAS to determine the effect of salicylic acid supplement in weaning pigs with a pen as experimental unit. Dietary inclusion of SA supplementation at days 7, 21, and 42 (P< 0.05) significantly improved the BW gain of the weaning pig compared with control. Over the entire experimental period, pigs fed diet supplemented with SA has tended to increase (P = 0.06) average daily gain (ADG), and average daily feed intake (P = 0.07), respectively, compared with those fed CON diet. Moreover, at the end of trial, the blood parameters of serum iron (Fe) concentration was greater in pigs (P< 0.05) fed diet supplemented with SA. In conclusion, supplementation of SA positively influenced BW, ADG, ADFI and serum Fe concentration without affecting the nutrient digestibility and fecal score.
The scarcity of feed raw materials with a consequential increase in the price of animal feed has attracted the attention of nutritionists to find a viable option to address this issue. The inclusion of plant extract and enzyme to the energy- and protein-reduced diet could be a viable strategy that would contribute to reducing the feed cost. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine how different crude protein diets with Yucca schidigera extract and multi-carbohydrase could impact broiler growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass metrics, and noxious gas concentrations in the excreta. A total of 480 one-day (d)-old broilers (ROSS 308), with initial body weight (BW) of 45.2 ± 0.3 g were randomly assigned into four (4) dietary treatments, each with six replication cages and 20 birds per cage. In phase I (starter), broiler were fed with diets containing T1 (CP 21%, ME 2,969 Mcal/kg); T2 (CP 19%, ME 2,863 Mcal/kg + 0.02% Yucca); T3 (CP 17%, ME 2,865 Mcal/kg + 0.02% Yucca); and T4 (CP 17%, ME 2,861 Mcal/kg + 0.02% Yucca + 0.1% α-1, 6-galactosidase and β-1,4-mannanase). During phase II (grower) diets contained T1 (CP 19%, ME 3,086 Mcal/kg); T2 (CP 17%, ME 2,977 Mcal/kg + 0.02% Yucca); T3 (CP 15%, ME 2,978 Mcal/kg + 0.02% Yucca); and T4 (CP 15%, ME 2,978 Mcal/kg + 0.02% Yucca + 0.1% α-1,6-galactosidase and β-1,4-mannanase multi-carbohydrase). The addition of Yucca extract and multi-carbohydrase to the low CP diets revealed a positive result on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass parameters, and noxious gas emission. Overall, broilers supplemented with Yucca schidigera extract 0.02% and α-1,6-galactosidase and β-1,4-mannanase multi-carbohydrase (0.1%) demonstrated the best production performances compared with the other treatment groups. Thus, a combination of Yucca schidigera and multi-carbohydrase could to be added to the diets with low CP to boost broiler production performance.
Among several nutrients, minerals specifically constitute a small percentage of diets but have an impact on the growth, health, and productivity of sows. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of supplementing the basal diet with marine-derived Ca-Mg complex on the reproductive performance of sows during parity 1 to 4 in a 4 x 3 factorial arrangement. Cross-bred gilts (n = 72; average body weight 181 kg) in their first to fourth subsequent parity were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments (24 gilts/treatment): CON (corn-soybean meal-wheat-based basal diet with limestone as main Ca source), CM1 (CON- MgO+ 0.4% Ca-Mg complex), and CM2 (CM1-0.4% limestone). A greater number (P< 0.05) of total born and live piglets, increased feed intake during gestation and lactation, increased backfat thickness before and after farrowing and at weaning, and increased estrus interval were observed (P< 0.05) during 3rd and 4th parity compared with 1st and 2nd parity sows. Moreover, sows fed CM1 and CM2 diets led to an improvement (P< 0.05) in total piglets during 1st and 2nd parity as well as live-born piglets during 1st to 3rd parity. In addition, CM1 and CM2 group sows showed reduced (P >0.05) backfat thickness change during third and fourth parity. Piglets that were born to CM1 and CM2 group sows showed greater (P< 0.05) weaning weight and average daily gain (ADG) during the first, second, and third parity. Furthermore, sows fed CM1 and CM2 diets decreased (P< 0.05) the duration of first to last piglet birth and placental expulsion time compared with those fed CON diet. A significant interactive effect (P=0.042) between parities and treatment diets was observed for the duration of first to last piglet birth. Thus, supplementation of 0.4% marine-derived Ca-Mg complex to the diet could be recommended to enhance sow and their litter performance during parity 1 to 4.
This study was conducted with the objective of evaluating a way to reduce feed costs with better meat characteristics of growing pigs by supplementing non-starch polysaccharide enzyme (NSPE) in energy reduced diets. A total of 200 growing pigs [(Landrace Yorkshire) Duroc] weighing 22.94 ± 0.22 kg were divided into five dietary treatments, each with eight replication pens (3 barrows and two gilts). The pigs were allotted in a completely randomized block design according to body weight and sex. The dietary treatments were: CON, basal diet (NE 2500 Kcal); NSPE1, basal diet + 0.04% NSPE; NSPE2, (basal diet-20 Kcal) + 0.04% NSPE; NSPE3, (basal diet-30 Kcal) + 0.04% NSPE; NSPE4, (basal diet-50 Kcal) + 0.04% NSPE. We assessed growth performance, lean meat percentage (LMP) and backfat thickness at initial, week 4 and week 8. Apparent nutrient digestibility was assessed in weeks 4 and 8. There was no significant difference (P >0.05) among the groups on growth performance. In week 8, gradual reduction of energy caused a linear reduction (P=0.028) of backfat thickness and a linear increase (P=0.016) of LMP. In addition, at week 8, supplementation of NSPE enzyme showed improved digestibility of nitrogen (P=0.046) and energy (P=0.037) in the NSPE1 group than the CON group. In short, gradual reduction of dietary energy supplemented with NSP enzyme showed consistent growth performance with positive changes in backfat thickness and LMP of growing pigs.
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