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A Gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped, and aerobic bacterial strain, designated LPB0072, was isolated from a Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas). Autotrophic growth with hydrogen gas was not observed. Cells oxidized thiosulfate to sulfate and reduced nitrate to nitrite. The complete genome sequence of strain LPB0072 (CP017476) is 4.94 Mb in length and contains 4459 protein-coding genes, with a G+C content of 61.3 mol%. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain LPB0072 belongs to the genus Hydrogenophaga, with greatest sequence similarity to the type strain of Hydrogenophaga taeniospiralis (97.5 %). The isoprenoid quinone (Q-8) and the major cellular fatty acids (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c, C16 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c) identified were concordant with the chemotaxonomic properties of the genus Hydrogenophaga. The average nucleotide identities with closely related species were below the suggested boundary for species delineation, indicating that the isolate is a novel species. Numerous physiological and biochemical features also distinguished the isolate from other known Hydrogenophaga species. Based on the polyphasic data presented in this study, strain LPB0072 should be classified as a novel species in the genus Hydrogenophaga, and the name Hydrogenophaga crassostreae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LPB0072 (=KACC 18705=JCM 31188).

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Background Healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) is a heterogeneous disease. We redefined nursing-home- and hospital-associated infections (NHAI) group by revising existing HCAP risk factors. The NHAI group comprised nursing home residents with a poor functional status, or recent (past 90 days) hospitalization or recent (past 180 days) antibiotic therapy. Our aim was to determine whether respiratory microbiota profiles are related to newly defined NHAI group in critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation. Methods The 180 endotracheal aspirates (ETAs) from 60 mechanically ventilated ICU patients (NHAI group, n = 24; non-NHAI group, n = 36) were prospectively collected on days 1, 3 and 7 in a university hospital. The bacterial community profiles of the ETAs were explored by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A phylogenetic-tree-based microbiome association test (TMAT), generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs), the Wilcoxon test and the reference frame method were used to analyze the association between microbiome abundance and disease phenotype. Results The relative abundance of the genus Corynebacterium was significantly higher in the pneumonia than in the non-pneumonia group. The microbiome analysis revealed significantly lower α-diversity in the NHAI group than in the non-NHAI group. In the analysis of β-diversity, the structure of the microbiome also differed significantly between the two groups (weighted UniFrac distance, Adonis, p < 0.001). The abundance of Corynebacterium was significantly higher, and the relative abundances of Granulicatella, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Veillonella were significantly lower, in the NHAI group than in the non-NHAI group. Conclusions The microbiota signature of the ETAs distinguished between patients with and without risk factors for NHAI. The lung microbiome may serve as a therapeutic target for NHAI group.

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A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped and aerobic bacterium, designated HYN0004 T , was isolated from lake water. The strain grew at 15-35 C and pH 7.0-9.0 on R2A. The isoprenoid quinone was Q10 and major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol and one unidentified glycolipid. The genome was 2.83 Mb with a DNA G+C content of 69.9 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses revealed that HYN0004 T represented a member of the genus Phenylobacterium and shared sequence similarities with Phenylobacterium conjunctum (97.8 %), Phenylobacterium koreense (97.5 %), Phenylobacterium aquaticum (97.2 %), and Phenylobacteriumheamatophilum (97.0 %). In addition to the low sequence similarities, the phylogenetic tree shapes indicated that HYN0004 T represents an independent species of this genus. The genomic and phenotypic properties, including small genome size, inability to carry out numerous enzymatic reactions and high ratio of C 18 : 1 !6c and/or C 18 : 1 !7c in fatty acids, verified the differentiation between HYN0004 T and related species. Thus, we propose a novel species of the genus Phenylobacterium, named as Phenylobacterium parvum sp. nov. The type strain is HYN0004 T (=KACC 19185 T =NBRC 112736 T).

The skin tissue of the scalp is unique from other skin tissues because it coexists with hair, and many differences in microbial composition have been confirmed. In scalp tissues, hair loss occurs due to a combination of internal and external factors, and several studies are being conducted to counteract this. However, not many studies have addressed hair loss from the perspective of the microbiome. In this study, subjects with hair loss and those with normal scalps were set as experimental and control groups, respectively. In the experimental group, hair loss had progressed, and there was a large difference in microbiome composition compared to the group with normal scalps. In particular, differences in Accumulibacter, Staphylococcus, and Corynebacterium were found. From Staphylococcus epidermidis Cicaria, two active components were isolated as a result of repeated column chromatography. Spectroscopic data led to the determination of chemical structures for adenosine and biotin. Fractions were obtained, and ex vivo tests were conducted using hair follicles derived from human scalp tissue. When the microbiome adenosine-treated group was compared to the control group, hair follicle length was increased, and hair root diameter was maintained during the experimental periods. In addition, the Cicaria culture medium and the microbial adenosine- and biotin-treated groups maintained the anagen phase, reducing progression to the catagen phase in the hair growth cycle. In conclusion, it was confirmed that the Cicaria culture medium and the microbial adenosine and biotin derived from the culture were effective in inhibiting hair loss.

Background: Healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) is a heterogeneous disease. We redefined nursing-home- and hospital-associated infections (NHAI) group by revising existing HCAP risk factors. The NHAI group comprised nursing home residents with a poor functional status, or recent (past 90 days) hospitalization or recent (past 180 days) antibiotic therapy. Our aim was to determine whether respiratory microbiota profiles are related to newly defined NHAI group in critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation.Methods: The 180 endotracheal aspirates (ETAs) from 60 mechanically ventilated ICU patients (NHAI group, n = 24; non-NHAI group, n = 36) were prospectively collected on days 1, 3 and 7 in a university hospital. The bacterial community profiles of the ETAs were explored by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A phylogenetic-tree-based microbiome association test (TMAT), generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs), the Wilcoxon test and the reference frame method were used to analyze the association between microbiome abundance and disease phenotype.Results: The relative abundance of the genus Corynebacterium was significantly higher in the pneumonia than in the non-pneumonia group. The microbiome analysis revealed significantly lower α-diversity in the NHAI group than in the non-NHAI group. In the analysis of β-diversity, the structure of the microbiome also differed significantly between the two groups (weighted UniFrac distance, Adonis, P <0.001). The abundance of Corynebacterium was significantly higher, and the relative abundances of Granulicatella, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Veillonella were significantly lower, in the NHAI group than in the non-NHAI group.Conclusions: The microbiota signature of the ETAs distinguished between patients with and without risk factors for NHAI. The lung microbiome may serve as a therapeutic target for NHAI group.