A BSTRACT Kearns–Sayre syndrome (KSS) is a mitochondrial encephalopathic disorder. Because mitochondria are ubiquitous organelles that are present in almost every human tissue, their dysfunction can affect nearly any organ system and give rise to a wide range of clinical characteristics. 1: As is the case with most diseases associated with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, the clinical features of KSS were defined before modern molecular genetic classifications emerged. 2: The exact prevalence of KSS is unknown; however, estimates place it at about 1:100,000 people. Although it is a rather rare syndrome, the ability to recognize or consider KSS as part of a differential diagnosis is crucial. Reported here are two case reports: 1) a 30-year-old Caucasian female patient who presented for evaluation to her primary care physician’s office and, and 2) A 57-year-old Caucasian female patient long-term C care resident. Guidelines are listed for management as a primary care physician as well as signs and symptoms that are often associated with Kearns–Sayre syndrome and other mitochondrial disorders.
Giardiasis is an acute infection caused by Giardia lamblia, which produces profuse secretory diarrhea that can lead to dehydration and electrolyte derangement. Musculoskeletal manifestations resulting because of giardiasis occur due to prolonged inflammation and viscero-somatic reflexes of the pathophysiology for this disease process. By treating the parasitic infection with an antiparasitic agent, as well as treating the somatic dysfunctions with osteopathic manipulative treatment, analgesics and a home exercise program, the patient in the following article experienced an uneventful course of treatment and a complete recovery including resolution of the pain.
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