Both overt (OHT) and subclinical hypothyroid (SHT) disorders have been found to be associated with increased oxidative stress (OXS). Excess thyrotropin [thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)] is known to directly produce OXS. Increased lipid peroxidation is known to facilitate protein carbonylation. However, the associations between lipid and protein oxidation and elevated TSH levels have not been studied. Thyroid profile, lipid peroxidation as malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and protein carbonylation as protein carbonyls (PCO) were estimated in OHT and SHT groups consisting of 36 patients each, in comparison to 39 euthyroid controls. We also determined the associations between TSH, MDA, and PCO levels in OHT and SHT groups. Increased oxidative damage was evidenced through significant elevations in the concentrations of MDA and PCO in OHT and SHT groups compared to controls (p < 0.01). Both TSH and MDA levels were positively associated with PCO in OHT group. Partial correlation analysis revealed that both excess TSH and increased MDA levels are mutually influencing elevated PCO. The results indicate that there is a simultaneous oxidative damage to lipids and proteins leading to increased MDA and PCO levels in both patient groups. Either of the excess TSH and increased MDA levels are combinably involved in the elevation of PCO in hypothyroidism.
A b s t r a c t A r t i c l e I n f oFinger millet was grown under three year old Melia azedarach in red sandy loam soil with different management options viz., application of farm yard manure (FYM) @ 10 t ha -1 , 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) (40:20:20 NPK kg ha -1 ) alone, and in conjunction with 75% RD N with 25% N through FYM, Vermicompost, Poultry manure; also with biofertilizers @ 5 kg ha -1 Azospirillum and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) along with finger millet alone as sole cropping with 100% RDF. The physiological parameters such as LAI, CGR, NAR and SPAD values (leaf nitrogen content) were recorded at critical growth stages of the crop along with grain yield of finger millet. The physiological parameters such as LAI, CGR, NAR and SPAD values (leaf nitrogen content) were recorded at critical growth stages of the crop along with grain yield of finger millet. Higher physiological parameters and grain yield of rice was recorded with the INM practice followed by recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) treatment. Among the organic treatments, higher grain yield of finger millet was recorded with sole crop on par with 75% RD N + 25% N poultry manure (2405 kg ha -1 ) and 100% RDF (2393 kg ha -1 ). The lowest grain (1583 kg ha -1 ) was found with control FYM @ 10 t ha -1 i.e., farmers practice. Similar trend was observed for all the physiological parameters recorded and harvest index of the rice crop. From the present investigation, it can be inferred that, among nutrient management practices tested, 75% RD N + 25% N poultry manure and 100% RDF in agri-silviculture system was better for realizing higher grain yield and physiological parameters apart from sustaining better soil nutrient status on sandy loam soils of Southern Telangana region of Andhra Pradesh.
Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is a tropical and subtropical fruit that is native to Mexico and Central America. This fruit is gaining increasing worldwide acceptance and has received extensive marketing and a wide distribution due to its relevant nutritional benefits for human health. This work presents relevant information on the production, composition and application of avocado, with an emphasis on its by-products, focusing on the proper use of waste and the possibility of monetizing waste for nutritional and environmental purposes. The entire avocado is rich in bioactive compounds (pulp, peel and seed) and presents several health benefits, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activities, as well as dermatological uses and others. Therefore, several food grade ingredients can be obtained from avocado wastes, particularly premium-grade fats or extracts with a high functional power. Studies should continue to identify the profiles and phytochemicals available to the business sector, which can also be implemented to valorize the nutritional and functional potential of avocado seeds and peels.
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