Vanadium oxide/poly (3,4‐ ethylenedioxythiophene)(V2O5‐PEDOT) hybrid materials were prepared in a rotating quartz plasma reactor via capacitively coupled radio frequency (RF 13.56 MHz) plasma. Thin films of V2O5‐PEDOT hybrid and V2O5 were obtained by electron beam evaporation technique onto flexible PET substrate for electrochromic devices (ECDs) applications. As a counter electrode, both RF magnetron sputtered MoO3 onto ITO coated PET and only ITO coated PET electrodes were used. Characterizations of the films were carried out via using scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDX) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Hybrid ECDs results showed that synergistic effect depending on improved stability between V2O5 and PEDOT. As a result, we developed all solid complementary electrochromic devices including V2O5, V2O5‐PEDOT and MoO3 films. The electrochromic device characteristics such as electrochromic contrast, coloration efficiency, switching time were calculated from optical and electrochemical measurements. The highest coloration efficiency and optical contrast were obtained as 53 cm2/C and 17 % for V2O5‐PEDOT/MoO3‐based ECD.

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Tungsten trioxide‐poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (WO3‐PEDOT) and tungsten trioxide‐polyfuran (WO3‐PFu) were prepared by rf rotating plasma polymerization. Electrochromic hybrid thin films were fabricated onto flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/ indium tin oxide (ITO) film using electron beam evaporation method. In order to deeply characterize all films, scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques were used. The counter electrode effect on plasma modified WO3 nano hybrids‐based electrochromic devices (ECDs) was evaluated. By incorporating flexible vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) film as counter electrode, complementary ECDs were constructed through combining the hybrid flexible films (WO3‐PEDOT, WO3‐PFu) as working electrodes, which exhibit highly efficient electrochromic performance with low voltage operation. Especially, WO3‐PEDOT/V2O5‐based ECD owns a high optical modulation of 61.5 % at 750 nm driven by −1.0 V (coloration) and +1 V (bleaching) with fast response times (coloration time: 13.58 s, bleaching time: 8.07 s) and a high coloration efficiency of 527 cm2 C−1. This study can supply useful and efficient avenue for designing flexible complementary electrochromic device for energy‐saving flexible electronics.

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This study reports on the preparation of hybrids of tungsten trioxide/polythiophene (WO3/PTh) and tungsten trioxide/polyfuran (WO3/PFu) using a rotating capacitively-coupled radio frequency (rf) plasma process. The prepared hybrid characteristics were measured using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and Xray diffraction analysis (XRD). WO3, WO3/PTh, and WO3/PFu thin films were deposited onto flexible substrates using an electron beam evaporation technique for high electrochromic performance purposes. The effect of thiophene and furan moieties on the optical and electrochromic properties of flexible hybrid-based ECDs was investigated using optical and electrochemical measurements. The WO3/PTh-based ECD, in particular, showed marked improvements in cathodic electrochromism over WO3-based ECD: an optical contrast of 33% at 750 nm, faster switching times (bleaching time: 1.63 s, coloration time: 0.41 s), and a coloration efficiency of 502 cm 2 /C.