In this article, the acoustic emission technique has been used to study a well-known surface damage mechanism, known as galling, during experimental simulation of sheet metal forming process. Results illustrated that the galling starts with relatively low-amplitude acoustic emission waves, corresponding to the elastic–plastic deformation of surface asperities (stage I), followed by a continually graduate rise in the acoustic emission activities related to the sheet material transfer to the slider tool along with lump growth (stage II), and ended to some waves with the highest amplitude and energy corresponding to the severe plowing and rupture of the friction junctions (stage III).
An application of the G 0 =G-expansion method to search for exact solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations is analyzed. This method is used for variants of the Korteweg-de Vries-Burger and the K.n, n/-Burger equations. The generalized G 0 =G-expansion method was used to construct periodic wave and solitary wave solutions of nonlinear evolution equations. This method is developed for searching exact traveling wave solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations. It is shown that the generalized G 0 =G-expansion method, with the help of symbolic computation, provides a straightforward and powerful mathematical tool for solving nonlinear problems.
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