Cancer is the second cause of death worldwide, whose treatment often involves chemotherapy. In a conventional therapy, drug is transported (and usually absorbed) across biological membranes through diffusion and systemic transport. The pathway that medicine must travel before reaching the desired location, can bring adverse or unwanted effects, which are mainly the result of: low bioavailability, low solubility and toxicity. To avoiding risks, nanoparticles coated with the drug could be used as a therapeutic substance to selectively reach an area of interest to act without affecting non-target cells, organs, or tissues (drug delivery). Here, the goal is to enhance the concentration of the chemotherapeutic drug in the disease parts of the body. Among all nanostructured systems, ferrites attract worldwide attention in drug delivery applications. It is due to their versatile magnetic and physicochemical properties. Here, it is reviewed and analyzed recent advances in synthesis, morphology, size, magnetic properties, functionalization with a focus in drug delivery applications of nanoferrites.
RESUMEN Se describe un método simple y barato para la fabricación de moldes de alúmina nanoporosa, con potenciales aplicaciones para la fabricación de nanohilos. Se utiliza como materia prima un aluminio de grado comercial. Los moldes nanoporosos fabricados tienen un diámetro promedio de poros de (20 ± 4) nm. El proceso de fabricación consta de dos etapas de anodizado. Se detallan ambas etapas de anodizado y se caracteriza el material que se obtiene como resultado de cada una de ellas. Los moldes nanoporosos obtenidos con dos pasos de anodizado tienen la distribución más estrecha de tamaño de poros, mejor circularidad y orden espacial. En dichos moldes se crecen nanohilos a base de ferrita de cobalto (CoFe2O4). Para hacerlo, se usa un método simple y un equipamiento sencillo. Mediante microscopía electrónica se hace una caracterización morfológica de las plantillas y de los nanohilos obtenidos.
Cellulose microribbons were isolated from coffee parchment through acid hydrolysis, alkaline hydrolysis, and bleaching. Factorial design experiments allowed studying the influence of the chemical precursor concentrations and reaction times on the mass losses. TGA, SEM, XRD, and FT-IR techniques allowed characterized the coffee parchment hydrolyzed and bleached. Obtained results suggest that after acid hydrolysis, hemicellulose was the main fraction released from the coffee parchment, and after alkaline hydrolysis, lignin. Lignocellulosic compound dissolution produces a reduction/disappearance of some vibrational bands. This dissolution enhances the crystalline index and decreases the microrribons diameter. However, in coffee parchment, the microrribons are twisted giving the appearance of fibers with a minor diameter. The design of the experiment results suggests that the main factors during acid and alkaline hydrolysis are the concentration of the chemical precursors. In the bleaching process, a variation in the factors does not significantly influence the response variable. However, for brightness, the precursor concentration affects the cellulose quality. The optimal conditions for cellulose extraction from coffee parchment are 5% (v/v) of HNO3 by 2 h, 3%(m/v) NaOH by 1 h, and a 1:1 ratio of NaClO: CH3COOH by 45 min for bleaching.
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