Rotor position and speed estimation methods are consolidated to reduce the cost and volume of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) sensorless control drives while maintaining high performance. Advanced nonlinear algorithms require accurate design for precise estimation tracking throughout the entire PMSM operation range. This paper presents a broad review of the main high-speed estimation methods for sensorless PMSM drives. First, the stability constraints and design methodologies of the main estimation techniques presented in the literature are discussed. In the second part, it is investigated the new observer design trends, which are used under non-ideal conditions, such as robustness to distortions, the effects of parameter variation, sensorless parameter estimation, and low sampling-frequency-to-speed ratio operation. Future trends on the design of observers for high-speed sensorless PMSM drives are also discussed.INDEX TERMS High performance drives, permanent magnet synchronous motors, sensorless control, state observer design.
With the ever growing environmental concerns, renewable energy sources emerge as a promise of clean and abundant energy, enabling long-term sustainable development. In this context, wind power gained significant interest due to its relative low cost and availability. Switched reluctance generators (SRGs) are suitable candidates for wind energy conversion systems, as they present a simple structure, robustness, a wide range of speed and are capable of operating in harsh environments. The machine, however, poses challenges such as high torque ripple, acoustic noise production and highly nonlinear behavior. Nonetheless, with the use of adequate control strategies, high dynamic performance SRG-based wind energy conversion systems can be achieved. As a result, this article presents a state of the art review of SRGs in wind power applications. First, the fundamentals of the SRG are presented. Next, two categories of firing angle control are reviewed: optimization and closed-loop control. Then, voltage and power control strategies are discussed, being divided in model-independent and model-based approaches. After that, a review on grid-tied SRGbased wind energy conversion systems is carried out. The most common filter topologies as well as the employed control strategies are detailed. Lastly, an outline of the discussed topics is presented and future trends as well as suggestions for future investigation are listed.
Este trabalho apresenta uma estratégia de controle sensorless para a máquina BLDC baseado em uma abordagem PSD+PLL (positive sequence detector + phase-locked loop). Devido a característica não-senoidal da força contra-eletromotriz (FCEM), métodos convencionais baseados em modelo podem resultar em erros na estimação de velocidade e posição da máquina BLDC no acionamento vetorial. Para contornar este problema, a forma de onda da FCEM inicialmente será reconstruída utilizando um observador de Luenberger em eixos estacionários. A seguir, um detector de sequência positiva (PSD) com adaptador de frequência será utilizado nas forças contra-eletromotrizes observadas, possibilitando a obtenção da componente de frequência fundamental e eliminando as componentes harmônicas da FCEM. Uma malha de captura de fase (PLL) realimentada cujo mecanismo de ajuste é um controlador PI será empregada nas componentes de sequ`ência positiva para estimar a posição e velocidade da máquina. Resultadosde simulação demonstram que a estimação da posição e velocidade através das componentes de sequência positiva apresenta superioridade quando comparada as grandezas obtidas diretamente pelas forças contra-eletromotrizes reais da máquina.
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