Background. Due to the high transmissibility of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 , governments adopted preventive measures, such as social distancing and obligatory social immobilization, which negatively affected access to health services, including oral health services. Similarly, dental care restraint arose in this context, with the aim of reducing the possibility of cross-infection caused by aerosols, which notably restricted dental care activity.Objectives. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the timing of dental care in Peruvian children. Material and methods.A cross-sectional study with a population of 42,115 respondents for 2019 and 20,510 for 2020 was conducted. The participants were children aged 0-11 years. The records of those who responded to the question on the time since their last dental care were considered, extracting a total of 22,166 (69.03%) subjects for 2019 and 9,945 (30.97%) subjects for 2020. The dependent variable consisted of the time since the last dental care measured in years; the variables of health, geographic and sociodemographic characteristics were grouped within 3 dimensions. Descriptive bivariate and multivariate analyses were applied by means of multiple linear regression in order to analyze the variables.Results. The time since the last dental care during 2019 was 5.25 ±4.30 years, and it increased to 6.64 ±4.90 years in 2020. Within the multivariate analysis, the dimensions and their variables were ordered hierarchically for 2019 and 2020 separately, and as a whole. Each model was not significant when observed independently (p > 0.05); however, when evaluated as a whole, validity was observed only in model 1 of the year (p = 0.018), with R 2 = 2.90, a constant equal to 3.852, the non-standardized regression coefficient (β) of 1.653, and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.289-3.018. Conclusions.The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic year had a negative impact on the timing of dental care in Peruvian children, increasing it by 1.39 years as compared to 2019.
RESUMEN Objetivos:Comparar la edad cronológica y edad dental según el método de Demirjian en pacientes de 5 a 16 años que acudieron al Centro Radiológico Dr. Virgilio Aguirre Cadena, Guayaquil-Ecuador durante el período 2014-2015. Material y Métodos: Se evaluaron 617 radiografías panorámicas tomadas durante el año 2014-2015, posteriormente se procedió a realizar el cálculo de la edad dental utilizando el método de Demirjian de cada uno de los pacientes. Luego se realizó un análisis comparativo con la edad cronológica tomada de la misma base de datos de las imágenes, para lo cual se utilizó la prueba de Wilcoxon. Resultados: La estimación de la edad dental en relación con la edad cronológica, se observó en el sexo femenino dentro del grupo etario de 7-7,99 y el de 10-10,99, presentó buenos estimadores para determinar la edad cronológica, mostrando valores de p=0,6643 y p=0,1147 respectivamente; en el sexo masculino, el grupo etario de 10-10,99 y 12-12,99 mostró buenos estimadores para determinar la edad cronológica con valores de p=0,2713 y p=0,6996 respectivamente. El resto de grupos no presentó buenos estimadores para determinar la edad cronológica con valores de p˂0,05. Conclusiones: El método de Demirjian no es un buen estimador de la edad ósea en todos los grupos etarios de la población estudiada, puesto que, la mayoría de grupos presentan diferencias entre la edad dental y la edad cronológica. SUMMARY Objectives:To compare the chronological age and dental age according to Demirjian method in patients aged 5 to 16 who attended the Virgilio Aguirre Cadena Radiological Center, Guayaquil-Ecuador during 2014-2015 period. Material and Methods: A total of 617 Panoramic X-rays taken during 2014-2015 year were evaluated and dental age was calculated using Demirjian method for each one of patients. A comparative analysis was then carried out with chronological age taken from the same database of images, for which Wilcoxon test was used. Results: The estimates of dental age in relation to chronological age, observed on the female sex in 7-7.99, and 10-10.99 groups presented good estimates to determine the chronological age, it showed values of p = 0.6643 and p = 0.1147 respectively; regarding the male sex, the 10-10.99, and 12-12.99 groups showed good estimates to determine the chronological age on values of p = 0.2713, and p = 0.6996 respectively. The remainder of groups did not present good estimates to determine the chronological age with values of p˂0.05. Conclusions: Demirjian method does not present optimum results, regarding bone age, in the groups studied, because the majority of the groups show a difference between dental age and chronological age. KEY WORDS:Determination of age in dental pieces, panoramic radiography, child development.
Background: Toothbrushing is a convenient, inexpensive, widespread and culturally accepted method, resulting in an ideal public health outcome. This study aimed to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on toothbrushing in Peruvian children. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted using a database of children aged 0 to 11 years, with a final sample of 39,124 participants, 15,974 in 2019 (62.03%) and 7088 in 2020 (55.54%). General toothbrushing, daily toothbrushing and minimum frequency of two times a day were dependent variables; the year was considered as the independent variable. In addition, other covariates such as geographical landscape, area of residence, place of residence, altitude, wealth index, health insurance cover, sex and age. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses were applied. Results: General toothbrushing was 96.19% (n=51 013), daily toothbrushing was 87.47% (n=42 246) and minimum toothbrushing two times a day was 84.53% (n=33 957). In multivariate form, the year presented a negative association with daily toothbrushing (RPa: 0.97; CI95%: 0.96-0.98; p<0.001) and minimum toothbrushing two times a day (RPa: 0.97; CI95%: 0.95-0.98; p<0.001), adjusted for the previously associated co-variables. Conclusions: The year 2020 of the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted daily toothbrushing and minimum twice-daily toothbrushing of Peruvian children.
Background: Toothbrushing is a convenient, inexpensive, widespread and culturally accepted method, resulting in an ideal public health outcome. This study aimed to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on toothbrushing in Peruvian children. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted using a database of children aged 0 to 11 years, with a final sample of 39,124 participants, 15,974 in 2019 (62.03%) and 7088 in 2020 (55.54%). General toothbrushing, daily toothbrushing and minimum frequency of two times a day were dependent variables; the year was considered as the independent variable. In addition, other covariates such as geographical landscape, area of residence, place of residence, altitude, wealth index, health insurance cover, sex and age. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses were applied. Results: General toothbrushing was 96.19% (n=51 013), daily toothbrushing was 87.47% (n=42 246) and minimum toothbrushing two times a day was 84.53% (n=33 957). In multivariate form, the year presented a negative association with daily toothbrushing (RPa: 0.97; CI95%: 0.96-0.98; p<0.001) and minimum toothbrushing two times a day (RPa: 0.97; CI95%: 0.95-0.98; p<0.001), adjusted for the previously associated co-variables. Conclusions: The year 2020 of the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted daily toothbrushing and minimum twice-daily toothbrushing of Peruvian children.
Objetivos: Comparar la edad cronológica y la edad dental empleando el Método de Demirjian en niños de 4 a 16 años de edad que acuden a un Centro Radiológico Privado, durante el año 2014 en Puebla, México. Material y Métodos: Diseño descriptivo, retrospectivo y analítico; en donde la muestra fue la misma que la población la cual consistió de 1125 radiografías panorámicas, tomadas durante el año 2014. Se realizó el cálculo de la edad dental en cada una de ellas, de acuerdo al método de Demirjian. Teniendo este dato se hizo un análisis compa- rativo con la edad cronológica tomada de la base de datos de las imágenes, utilizando la prueba de Wilcoxon. Resultados: En las125 Rx panorámicas se determinó la edad dental. Una vez hecho el comparativo con la edad cronológica los resultados mostraron que en el grupo etario de 14-14.99 años se presentó el mayor número de radiografías de acuerdo a la edad cronológica, siendo en su mayoría mujeres. Se comparó la edad dental con la edad cronológica, determinando por grupos de edades la significancia estadística. Al comparar la edad dental con la edad cronológica en el sexo femenino, únicamente en el grupo etario de 8-8.99 años no hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p>0,05), mientras que para el sexo masculino fueron los grupos etarios de 4-4.99, 8-8.99 y 9-9.99. Conclusiones: La estimación de edad de acuerdo al Método de Demirjian en la población mexi- cana estudiada es adecuado únicamente en los grupos de edad de 8-8.99 para el sexo femenino y 4-4.99, 8-8.99, 9-9.99 para el sexo masculino, encontrando que en el resto de la muestra mexicana sobreestima la edad.
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