The presence of extreme hydrometeorological threats has co-occurred with the COVID-19 pandemic, increasing the potential risk of a disaster scenario occurring. The hurricane “Cristobal”, which impacted Mexico’s tropical regions, presented a high risk of contagion and death caused by the combined effects of violent winds, floods, and evacuations. This work aims to determine whether the presence of concurrent events during the pandemic caused an increase in confirmed positive COVID-19 cases in the Yucatan Peninsula’s western sector. To achieve this, a numerical analysis and identification of the tropical storm’s extreme characteristics were conducted. Next, a combined analysis of the territorial system subject to flooding and the rainfall level reported during the emergency period was conducted at the municipal level. The third phase consisted of analyzing the confirmed positive cases of COVID-19 at the municipal level on four strategic dates (before, during, observation, and end of the emergency period). Finally, a content analysis of the emergency bulletins, action guides, and disaster declarations was carried out to identify the measures and adaptations implemented during the pandemic. It is recognized that emergency management measures were implemented for municipalities with more than 30 confirmed positive cases of COVID-19 and where the shelter capacity was reduced. Protocols for caring for people were followed, these being one of the leading adaptive methods. From the analyzed data, it can be pointed out that there is no direct evidence for an increase in positive COVID-19 cases in 10 of the municipalities. However, in the case of the municipality of Escarcega, there was a sudden increase in cases from June 8, which continues to grow. Therefore, it is necessary to deepen the study of multiple events to recognize the actions that can prevent catastrophes in these times of crisis.
The studies on the evolution of tourist destinations are not a new issue, however, most of them have been focused on consolidated destinations, whereas only a minimum has been done on tourism transformation in rural areas. The objective of this work is to diagnose the evolutionary process of tourism in Coastal Rural Communities (CRCs). To do this, we propose a model which combines two research approaches, Path Dependence and Social Network Analysis. The methodological approach is divided into three parts: design, application and validation, and it is based on collecting in situ and identifying key informants. In the first part, the stages of a Path Dependence for a CRC are conceptualized and bipartite graphs are constructed to show the relationships between: (1) the identified establishments built in a period of time and (2) positive and negative lock-ins with a greater degree of influence on the evolutionary process. On this basis, the resulting graphs are associated with the stages of the Path Dependence. In the second part, the model theoretically raised is applied as an empirical case at the CRC of Playa Ventura, Guerrero, in the Southern Pacific of Mexico. Finally, we validated the model based on the results obtained, which indicate that the model is suitable for the generation of knowledge about the evolutionary process of tourism in CRC’s, and therefore, it opens the possibility of being replicated in other communities with the same characteristics.
The purpose of this study is to examine the degree of consolidation the sustainable tourism indicators have when applied to Coastal Rural Communities (CRC), with the aim of identifying these indicator's roles and the basic elements that each indicator most fulfills, in order to monitor and control the CRC. The conceptual and methodological frameworks were identified from the global and local perspectives, asking the question: How and who are developing sustainable coastal rural communities within the CRC? Pursuit of scientific information about the topic was carried out throughout four digital repositories: the Wiley online library (17 articles), the Web of Science (6 articles), academic Google (29 articles), and Scopus (20 articles). In total, we recognized 72 articles according to their title parameters and keywords. Out of all the studies, only 15% focus on our definition, studying the sustainable indicators in coastal areas, but acknowledge 580 indicators that are grouped into the three basic components of sustainability: those that are economical, socio-cultural or environmental. The databases used indicate that there is little literature on topics related to Sustainable Tourism Indicators (STI) in CRC. Finally, the criteria and codes we established for the analysis of the articles allow us to have a clear overview about the process of design, application and evaluation of STI in CRC. It is understood that indicators can be applied in different territorial contexts; however, it is necessary to have a specific foundation, so that the indicators can be compared in dissimilar stages.
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