Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a transmembrane protein with overexpression in most prostate cancer cells. Gallium-68-( 68 Ga) PSMA positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging is a game-changer in the management of prostate cancer. 68 Ga PSMA PET/CT scan is advanced and a promising radioligand has high sensitivity in determining lesions of prostate cancer with a high tumor to background ratio. The most common areas of metastasis are the bone and pelvic lymph nodes. The prognosis of prostate cancer is mainly determined by the status of metastases. The presence and the localization of metastases affects treatment planning. In our cases, we presented some examples of uncommon sites of metastases such as the brain, adrenal glands, penis and orbit. Improvements in imaging techniques, such as 68 Ga PSMA PET/CT have led to the possibility to make more determi nation of rare metastase sites in prostate cancer patients.
Objectives: 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) plays an important role in evaluating head and neck cancers. However, localization and size evaluation in this region can be rough due to the multitude of the anatomic structures and physiologic uptakes. The aim of this study was to evaluate malignant lip lesions with the contribution of open mouth (OM) imaging technique at PET/CT. Methods: Fifty-six patients with malignant lip neoplasm underwent 18 F-FDG PET/CT imaging. Each patient was imaged twice as whole-body PET/CT with routine closed mouth (CM) position; and OM head and neck image, standardized with a special device. Lesion maximum standard uptake value (SUV max ), localization, size, and involvement of lymph nodes were evaluated. Results: Lesion localization was correctly detected in 100% of the OM images. Lesion size in PET/CT was compared with clinical, radiological (magnetic resonance imaging and CT) and/or histopathological results and the size measurement was coherent at 47.1% and 95.6% for CM and OM images, respectively. It was observed that OM acquisition did not contribute additionally in detecting regional lymph node metastasis. Forty-one PET/CT scans with CT artifacts due to dental amalgams were evaluated and 46.3% dimensional and 53.7% localization errors were detected in the CM position. There was no statistically significant difference between OM and CM SUV max (p>0.05). Conclusion: We concluded that additional OM head and neck imaging is useful and necessary to accurately determine the localization and size of the tumor, thus enhancing the value of PET/CT in staging, treatment response assessment, and restaging of patients with malignant lip cancer with or without dental amalgam
ABS TRACT Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a transmembrane protein with overexpression in most prostate cancer cells. Gallium-68-PSMA (68Ga-PSMA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging is a game changer within the management of prostate cancer. The prognosis of prostate cancer is principally determined by the metastatic condition. The presence and localization of metastasis have an effect on the selection of treatment protocol. We present the case of a prostate cancer patient with choroid metastasis demonstrated at 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT. In our case, we presented an example of an uncommon metastatic site such as choroid. Advances in imaging techniques such as 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT have led to more detection of rare metastatic sites in prostate cancer patients.
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