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Throughout the membership process of the EU, Turkey has undergone various transformations in public administration structure. For this reason, the financial and public transformation experienced by Turkey in the Europeanization process must be evaluated. Financial localization and financial sustainability (FS) in local governments are one of the reflections of this transformation. Despite being a non-profit structure, financial sustainability seems to be extremely important in terms of local government units. Financial and economic crises, especially those at global level, have highlighted the need to address FS in non-profit bodies. In the light of the above-mentioned explanations, this chapter analyses the potential correlation between organizational structure and FS in Turkish Local Government—focusing on 14 municipalities in Muğla City—by conducting in-debt interviews. Therefore, the main aim of this chapter is to show the interest of local governments to use voluntary reporting, in terms of ethical-social-environmental, as a tool for financial sustainability.

Crowdsourcing is a form of citizen participation in which an institution has a question submits to citizens via the internet in order to get citizens to think about innovative solutions to the problem. Several municipalities around the world have already used this means, but it has not yet been clear exactly how they can use it and which preconditions play a role in this. Thus, this chapter argued the concept of citizen involvement in the age of ICT by emphasizing the two related terms e-government and e-local government, then secondly the chapter underlined the importance of the necessity of citizen participation in the policymaking process. In the third section of this chapter, it has been argued the crowdsourcing concept as a tool of participation in the age of ICT. Then finally the paper outlined a model for local governments that may use the crowdsourcing approach in the decision-making process.

Ö Z Günümüzde, küresel dünya düzeni içerisindeki her ülkenin ortak gündemi Covid-19 salgınıdır. Gündemin ortaklığı kadar üzerinde görüş birliğine varılan diğer olgu ise hayatı normal seyrine geri döndürmek, salgını bitirmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda farklı kamu politikaları izlenmiştir. Kamu politikası yapım sürecinde ele alınan ve tarihi çok da eskilere dayanmayan dürtme teorisi, sağladığı yararlar ve getirdiği kolaylıklar ile görünürlük kazandığı tarihten itibaren büyük ilgi görmüş bir teori olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Çeşitli alanlarda varlığını kanıtlasa da virüs boyutlu bir salgında ne kadar işe yarayacağı ise tartışma konusu olmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, politika yapım sürecinde yer alan dürtme teorisi uyarınca, ülkelerin bünyelerinde oluşturdukları ya da iş birliği içerisinde oldukları takımlar aracılığı ile uygulanan politikaların etkili olup olmadığını yapılan faaliyetlere ve ilgili literatüre dayanarak tespit etmektir. Araştırma kapsamında varılan sonuç ise, bu teorinin pandemi konumundaki hastalıkla mücadele etme alanında da başarısını gözler önüne sermiştir.

Crowdsourcing is a form of citizen participation in which an institution has a question submits to citizens via the internet in order to get citizens to think about innovative solutions to the problem. Several municipalities around the world have already used this means, but it has not yet been clear exactly how they can use it and which preconditions play a role in this. Thus, this chapter argued the concept of citizen involvement in the age of ICT by emphasizing the two related terms e-government and e-local government, then secondly the chapter underlined the importance of the necessity of citizen participation in the policymaking process. In the third section of this chapter, it has been argued the crowdsourcing concept as a tool of participation in the age of ICT. Then finally the paper outlined a model for local governments that may use the crowdsourcing approach in the decision-making process.

New Public Management (NPM) and New Social Movement (NSM) theories emerged as a response to sociopolitical conditions of the 1980s. In order to understand the socio-political and socio-economic transformations in Turkey, it is necessary to focus on NPM and NSM literature together. More importantly, in the age of NPM and NSM it is vital to understand the development process of education, and its importance as a tool which has been used to create social capital in Turkey, since this paper aims to answer the following questions: How is it possible to explain increasing religiosity in education in secular Turkey? How does NPM open up opportunity spaces in the governance of education? How have NSMs become involved in the resourcing of education? How have NSMs redefined educational governance? This paper will attempt to show the importance of education for all governments from the beginning of the Turkish Republic, the Turkish governments used education as a tool for spreading their political ideology. So there have been various implementations from secularist policies to Islamist militarist policies in the Turkish education system. After giving some information about educational policies, which have been shaped around secularism, militarism and Islamism, the second section will show the interaction between education and New Public Management (NPM). By doing a primary and secondary literature review, this paper will first discuss the neoliberal changes that happened between the 1980s and 2000s, and secondly, will indicate how NPM agendas transformed education from a social service to the private service.

In the literature, it is often found that institutional theory is used as the theoretical framework to explain the development and application of accounting. By means of these studies, it becomes easier to understand accounting as a social and political activity within itself and thus to be able to understand the economic, institutional, political and social environment of the turnover of the practices. In this regard, the main aim of this study is to explain the development of the public accounting system in Turkey with the help of institutional theory. Thus, it is aimed to explain all the dynamics that provide the institutionalization of state account in the national sense, together with the economic, political and social processes of the period in question. It is revealed that the regulatory arrangements directly contribute to the institutionalization of a ield, and as a result, how the public organizations directly contribute to the institutionalization process.

Alanyazında katılım ve demokrasiye ilişkin veri toplama araçları incelendiğinde, genel olarak vatandaşların demokrasi ve katılım algısını belirlemeye dönük olduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında geliştirilen Yerel Katılım Ölçeği (YKÖ) ise sözü geçen öncülerinden farklı olarak yerel katılıma odaklanmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, geliştirilen ölçeğin yapısı vatandaşların katılım algıları ile katılım davranışlarının ayrı ayrı ölçülebilmesine olanak sağlamaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı vatandaşların yerel katılım algı ve davranış düzeylerini belirlemede kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir veri toplama aracı geliştirmektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, 18 yaşından büyük seçmenler oluşturmaktadır. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliliği için Açımlayıcı (AFA) ve doğrulayıcı (DFA) faktör analizi kullanılmıştır. Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi sonucunda, "Farkındalık", "Takip ve Aktif Katılım", "Geri Bildirim" olmak üzere 18 maddeden ve üç faktörden oluşan yapı ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu yapı Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi ile doğrulanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, vatandaşların yerel katılım algı ve davranış düzeylerini belirlemede kullanılabilecek psikometrik özellikleri yeterli, geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek geliştirilmiştir.