Today, there is no doubt that the dictatorships endured in several South American countries during the 1970s marked the political, social, and cultural life of those countries and fractured everyday life, close bonds, and subjectivities. Disciplines such as sociology, political science, and cultural studies have raised these issues in addressing the recent past, particularly in the field of social studies of memory. Political psychology researchers have addressed these dimensions, contributing to the study of postconflict societies.In Chile, during the civil-military dictatorship in place from 1973 to 1990, psychology professionals in areas sheltered by nongovernmental organizations led the task of working with Chileans affected by political repression. Despite the preponderance in the field of a comprehensive approach and self-centered psychology, those professionals also visualized the need to integrate a psychosocial and psychopolitical view into their work. The context of state terrorism meant that psychology as a discipline was necessarily
Memory studies in Latin America have focused on understanding the form in which societies remember and transmit the violence perpetrated by the dictatorships that affected the region between 1970 and 1990. In this regard, more recent research has recognized the need to focus on local territories. In this context, studies on "emblematic" neighborhoods have emerged in Chile given the active role of these urban territories during the resistance against the dictatorship. However, not enough attention has been paid to what and how the past is transmitted considering that these territories face not only past but also present violence, such as police harassment or drug trafficking. This research contributes to this field. Based on a 3-year ethnographic study (2016)(2017)(2018), the article analyzes the date produced in one of the observation settings -the "Heritage Day" -organized in an emblematic population of Santiago labeled by the State as a "critical neighborhood" for its levels of violence and social conflict. The analysis shows how memory transmission, in this case, operates as an intervention mechanism, overlooking and marginalizing lifestyles and closing the debate about different forms to live.
La recuperación de las memorias de territorios que han sufrido la violencia y represión política en los países del Cono Sur, ha sido una tarea central en las investigaciones de las Ciencias Sociales. En Chile, las “poblaciones emblemáticas” han sido un foco primordial en estos trabajos dado su rol activo en la resistencia contra la dictadura. El presente estudio se centra en una “población emblemática” que tiene la particularidad de ser catalogada por el Estado como “barrio crítico”, dado su alto nivel de violencia y conflictividad social. El objetivo es analizar la configuración de memorias y las políticas que se desprenden de ella a través de los murales emplazados en un territorio que ha vivido conflictos y violencias no solo en el pasado, sino también en la actualidad. Desde un enfoque cualitativo, se generó y analizó un catastro extensivo de murales que se realizó entre 2016 y 2018 para, en el año 2019, producir y analizar datos a través de la observación participante en 5 de ellos. Los hallazgos principales apuntan a una politización de las memorias que se configuran en los murales, utilizándose el pasado para disputar sobre cómo vivir y convivir en este particular territorio.
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