Many agricultural and biological waste materials cause environmental problems. To address this, and to achieve economic efficiency (growth, cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH), twitching, biofilm, and pyocyanin production), we used different organic wastes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). While there is biofilm formation in all organic waste assets, the highest such formation was observed in molasses and waste cheese whey (WCW). Average pyocyanin production in all organic waste except for Nutrient Broth (NB) averaged 3 µg/ml. CSH was reached only in the presence of olive waste water (OWW), molasses, and WCW. The highest twitching was achieved by adding WCW at 14 mm. We found no similar studies with P. aeruginosa in the literature. We think that this research will result in similar new studies that will reveal methods of handling these waste materials economically thus benefiting the environment.
Original scientific paperIn this study, a quaternary biocompatible shape memory alloy (BSMA) was produced by adding different ratios of Ta and V elements to the equiatomic NiTi and Ni27Ti50Nb23 ternary alloy. Prepared alloys; They were coded as Ni50Ti50 (EB1), Ni27Ti50Nb23 (EB2), Ni27Ti50Nb22Ta1 (E1), Ni27Ti50Nb20Ta3 (E3), Ni27Ti50Nb18Ta5 (E5), Ni27Ti50Nb22V1 (B1), Ni27Ti50Nb21V2 (B2) ve Ni27Ti50Nb18V5 (B5). The BSMA samples prepared to be used for this experiment were cut in regular and equal sizes and subjected to sterilization processes. Simulated body fluid (SBF), in which the prepared alloys were in contact, was prepared in the laboratory and used in in-vitro studies. In this study, a closed incubator system was preferred and a pathogenic bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), was used. For the production of bacteria, Nutrient agar solid was prepared. Bacterial cell density grown in the artificial body fluid with the control (simulated body fluid); determined for each alloy using a spectrophotometer (OD600). In the other stage; bacteria were cultivated from liquid culture (SBF containing Pseudomonas aeruginosa) to petri dishes containing solid media by smear method for each alloy. At the end of this period, bacterial colonies were observed with an ultraviolet (UV) lamp. The degree of biocompatibility was evaluated according to the results of the cell culture test performed for examination. It was observed that the cell density values of NiTiNbTa BSMAs added with Ta element were lower than the control (SBF). In addition, much lower values were determined in the alloys prepared with the increase of vanadium element contribution in NiTiNbV BSMA. According to the bacterial growth tests obtained, it can be said that the Ta element increases the biocompatibility in NiTi alloys, since fewer bacterial colonies are seen in the Ta element added environments than the others.
Background: In this study, we investigated the proline and protease production of different bacteria in several organic waste materials. Our aim was to produce proline and protease economically in waste that is abundantly available while reducing its environmental impact. Methods: 5 ml of different organic waste materials were placed in 10 ml grow tubes, inoculated and incubated for 24 h. Phosphate-buffered saline and 10% solutions of different organic wastes were added. These cultures were subsequently incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Cells were harvested at 24 h for L-proline assay. 1 ml of culture was transferred by pipette into an Eppendorf tube and centrifuged at at room temperature. Cellular debris was removed by centrifuge and the supernatant was used for proline activity assays. Results: Protease activity was determined using a modified method with casein as the substrate. We found that proline and protease can easily be produced economically using TCW, WCW and OWW organic waste. Conclusion: We believe that this study will result in similar research leading to the economical use of these waste materials thus reducing their impact on the environment.
The increase of human population has caused to accumulation of enormous amounts of non-degradable waste substance in our world [1]. Increased utilize of plastic substance in the domestic and industrial section exceeds which poses critical worry as they are no biodegradable, as a result important problems such as environmental pollution, toxicity to human health. At last years, plenty of emphasis has been given in the way of the improvement of microbial-derived biodegradable polymers manufacture [2].
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