Propolis is a highly complex resinous substance collected by honeybees from the fresh plant buds or secretions and mixed with beeswax and utilized for different purposes in the hive and includes more than 300 primary compounds (Guo et al., 2015). The human medicine has been interested in this product, used for several purposes, such as paving the hive surfaces, filling the cracks and fractures, polishing the honeycomb cells, narrowing and widening the hive entrance, and coating and isolating possible disease agents, for thousands of years, and it was used in several areas, including mummification and to treat mouth sores (Fokt et al., 2010; Can et al., 2015). Various alcohol and water-based extracts prepared with propolis are used for various purposes as food additives and supplements. Demand for propolis products, such as skin lotions, beauty creams and balms, massage oils and lotions, shampoos, soaps, lipsticks, gums, toothpaste, sunscreens and lozenges, increases every day. This natural bee product is an indispensable apitherapy agent, which has a wide biological activity spectrum due to antibacterial, antioxidant, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and antitumoral properties (Kujumgiev et al., 1999; Amini-Sarteshnizi et al., 2015). Although the composition of propolis varies based on the plant flora, collection period, hive type, beekeeper performance and hive condition, it usually includes approximately 40-50% balsam, 20-30% wax, 5-10% essential oils, 1-5% pollen and 5% various organic compounds (Pietta et al., 2002; Bankova et al., 2019). The vast majority of the balsamic content that includes the active propolis ingredients consist of various polyphenols (phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, and their esters), terpenes, volatile organic compounds and various alcohols (Gülçin et al., 2010; Miguel et al., 2010; Baltas et al., 2016). The global demand for raw propolis products has been increasing, and several studies have been investigating methods to collect higher propolis yields. Previous studies on the factors that affect propolis production are limited, and these studies suggested that the main factors that affect the chemical composition of propolis were bee race, climate, production season and production method (trap structure) (Bankova et al., 2000; Abu Fares et al., 2008; Pujirahayu et al., 2014). An important factor that affects per hive production was the presence of a forest in the vicinity. In a study conducted in Europe, it was reported that annual production, which was around 50-150 g per colony, generally varied within the range of 10-300 g (Abu Fares et al., 2008). Thus, in the present study, the variations in propolis production and quality were investigated based on the collection period and the hive type in the Van lakeshore flora, Turkey. In this study, the propolis yield and quality were investigated using wooden, plastic and styrofoam hives. 2 Materials and methods In this study, where wooden, styrofoam and plastic hives were used in accordance with the Food Codex, Apis mellifera ...
Öz: Hakkâri'deki gezgin arıcılık hareketlerinin yönünü, yoğunluklarını ve bazı arıcılık faaliyetlerini belirlemeyi amaçlayan bu araştırmada, Hakkâri'ye farklı bölgelerden gelen 52 ve Hakkâri'den giden 100 olmak üzere toplam 152 arıcı ile yapılan anketlerden elde edilen veriler değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmada, Hakkâri'ye gelen arıcıların % 40.00'ının Hatay, % 28.85'inin Adana ve % 19.23'ünün ise Şanlıurfa arıcıları olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada, nektar akımı başlangıcından itibaren kolonilerini nakletmeye başlayan arıcıların büyük çoğunluğu (% 34.62) Hakkari'ye Mayıs ayının son haftasında gelmekte iken, kolonilerini ılıman bölgelerde kışlatmayı hedefleyen Hakkârili arıcıların % 48.00'inin yöreden eylül ayı ortasında ayrıldığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Nektar kaynaklarından daha fazla yararlanmayı sağlayan gezgin arıcılık, yakın zamanda arıcılığın temel gereklerinden biri haline gelmiştir. Bununla birlikte denetimsiz melezlenmelere sebep olması nedeniyle yerel genotiplerin kaybolması gibi olumsuzluklara bağlı olarak, koloni hareketlerinin kontrol altına alınması zorunluluk arz etmektedir. Bu bakımdan sunulan bu çalışma sonuçları, yöre için koloni hareketlerinin düzenlenmesine yardımcı olabilecek niteliktedir.
Although silk has a very low share in textile use in the world, it is an important trade product. However, few countries have a say in production and export. Despite the efforts to boost silkworm breeding, which is seen as a traditional activity for Turkey, it has not reached the level of the past years. In the current study, a general evaluation of the world and Turkey silkworm breeding was made and the example of Silvan district of Diyarbakır province was given to reveal the current situation of the country. For this purpose, a survey was conducted with seven people who continue production in the district, 46 people who stopped production and 49 people who did not produce. As a result of the surveys, it was determined that the majority (85.72) of those who continue production are farmers and there are no female producers among them, while 65.22 percent of those who have quit production have stopped after more than 10 years of production. It was determined that more than half (55.10%) of those who had not produced before had information about silkworm breeding and only 24.49% of them would be able to produce even if the conditions were suitable. With the evaluations made with the Silvan sample, it is concluded that there is a need for planning that will provide employment in rural areas and revitalise breeding in today's conditions where the production tendency has decreased.
Bu çalışma beef, salkım ve tekli özellik gösteren oturak ve sırık domates (Solanum lycopersicum) grubuna ait genotipler kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Genotiplerde morfolojik ve agronomik özellikleri değerlendirmek için ;bitki başına verim verim, ortalama meyve ağırlığı, meye çapı, meyve kabuk rengi, meyve sertliği, SÇKM, titre edilebilir asitlik, pH, EC değerleri ve toplam fenolik, toplam antioksidan, vitamin C, likopen, B-karoten gibi özellikler bakımından tüm genotipler değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan genotiplerin bitki başına verimleri 1.20-5.24 kg/bitki arasında değişim gösterirken ortalama meyve ağırlıklarının 60.22-579.5 g arasında değiştiği görülmüştür. Çalışma sonucunda domates meyvelerindeki L* değerlerinin 34.43-45.68, a* değerleri 23.67-39.82, b* değerleri 15.62-46,84 arasında değişim gösterdiği görülmüştür. Meyvelerdeki, titre edilebilir asitliğin %0.21-0.56, pH’nın 3.70-4.81, SÇKM miktarının %2.50-4.91, C vitamini içeriğinin 5.48-15.39 mg/100 g, likopen miktarının 3.90-12.89 mg/100 g, B-karoten miktarının 0.65-3.10 mg/100g, toplam fenolik madde içeriğinin 0.74-3.13 mg/g, antioksidan kapasitesinin ise %22.61-67.11 arasında değişim gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma sonucunda özellikle meyve biyokimyasal özellikleri bakımından üstün olan genotiplerin belirlenmesi ve gen havuzundaki varyasyon dikkate alınarak, fonksiyonel besin niteliği piyasadaki diğer çeşitlerden daha üstün yeni ticari çeşitlerin geliştirilmesi hedeflenmektedir.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.