According to scientists, keratin is one of the most abundant fibrous materials in nature after cellulose and chitin in the world. Several nature fibrous materials have a wide range of application starting from biomedical application to the construction sector, and especially the textile sector. The uses of natural fibers in these sectors are economical for increasing their specific properties, such as antibacterial properties, flexibility, tensile strength, shear strength, toughness, etc. This paper presented a new type of keratin‐chitosan biofilms with the separation of keratin from waste chicken feathers. The laboratory‐scale keratin extraction process was designed. The keratin extraction percentage of different lixiviants (NaOH; NaOH+Na2S; Na2S) were studied and compared each other to understand the reaction process. The chosen reaction parameters were lixiviant concentration, reaction time, and temperature in an attempt to figure out their effects on the extraction of keratin. The highest extraction value was achieved at 60 °C and 400 rpm for 6 h, and 0.5 M Na2S per 5 g of chicken feather powder. After obtaining keratin powder from the chicken feather powder, the keratin and chitosan powders were mixed in a certain ratio. Afterwards the polyvinyl alcohol was added into the mixture of keratin and chitosan at 100 °C until forming the biofilms. The properties and structure of the biofilms were characterized and antibacterial properties of films were examined. Owing to its enormous extraction performance using common and cheap chemicals and simple equipment at ambient conditions, the pile processing method has great promise for the keratin bio‐waste's industrially.
Two new Schiff bases ligands (HL1 and HL2) and their Co2+, Mn2+, Fe3+, Ru3+, Cr3+, and VO2+ complexes were synthesized and characterized by FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR, and Mass spect. and analytical methods. A single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction study determined the molecular structure of HL1. The catalytic effects of metal complexes on benzyl alcohol and potato starch (PS) oxidation were compared in an H2+O2 medium. The percent conversion of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde and benzoic acid was determined by Gas Chromatography. [Co(L1)2], [Mn(L1)2], [Co(L2)2], and [Mn(L2)2] showed the highest catalytic effect with a value between 97–98% in the conversion of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde and benzoic acid. Maximum % benzoic acid formation was observed in [Mn(L1)2] (39%) and [VO(L1)2] (58%). To determine the effect of the catalyst properties of the complexes on the oxidation of PS, carbonyl and carboxyl groups formed in potato starch were determined by the titrimetric method, and PS oxidation degrees were calculated as DS (DSCHO and DSCOOH). In potato starch oxidation, the [VO(L1)2] had the highest catalytic effect with DSSum = 0.96, while the [Mn(L1)2] had a relatively lower DSSum = 0.86 value. On the other hand, the [Cr(L2)2ClH2O] showed a catalytic impact with DSSum = 0.63.
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