Catholic churches highly appreciate human customs and cultures to recognize ways for humans to express and develop their humanity. They often include elements of art and culture in liturgical symbols as a form of expressing faith in God. Many liturgical songs use ethnic songs, images and building form with certain traditional and cultural motifs. This study aims at examining the use of Catholic religious symbols by a group of Catholic Youths in West Borneo in practicing invulnerability. The practice actually experienced a mix that creates a religious syncretism and is contrary to the Catholic faith. The work focuses on the use of Catholic religious symbols in the preservation of Dayak customs in West Borneo, the view of the leadership of the Catholic Church on the use of Catholic religious symbols to preservate Dayak customs in West Borneo. This study used a qualitative method with the instruments of Interview and Questionnaire. Some people used church symbols in invulnerability rituals, especially during Dayak cultural activities, such as the cross symbol, the Rosary, statues of Jesus/Mother Mary in various sizes. In addition, they also used Catholic prayers to open with the sign of the cross, the Lord’s Prayer, the Hail Mary and the Prayer I Believe. From the church’s perspective, invulnerability knowledge is local wisdom that needs to be apreciated. However, it is contrary to the teachings of the Church and is inappropriate to the intent and purpose of their existence.
Learning models were important for the teachers to apply by considering the class setting. How they could manage their class depending on what learning model they could apply. So, it was curious to know what learning model the teachers had used so far. To deal with this, the researchers were eager to find out the answer by the research. This study aims to describe the learning model, the advantages and disadvantages of using the model, and the efforts made by Catholic Education (PAK) teachers in overcoming the disadvantages and strengths of using models in the State Primary Schools in South and Southeast Pontianak. To see the use of the learning model, qualitative research methods were used which consisted of interviews, questionnaires, observations, and focus group discussions. Teachers in the State Elementary Schools in South and Southeast Pontianak had implemented the learning models: Inquiry Model, Story Telling, Role Play, and Discovery Learning contextually. Based on the result, the teacher had a strategy in the application of learning models for example: reading books that are relevant to the model to apply, inviting students to learn outside the room, taking a persuasive and personal approach. Meanwhile, some obstacles faced were the delinquency of students, less in number, a variety of competencies, the existence of students with special needs, and the lack of teaching aids. The advantages of using the learning model were systematic, involving students actively, creating cooperation, motivating students, and improving learning outcomes. The learning model tended to run monotonously. There were several efforts to overcome deficiencies of learning models: taking a personal approach, trying to maximize the use of learning models used, changing models learning that would be considered more suitable or repetitive by applying the same learning model to maximize learning outcomes, conveying material repeatedly, writing student names and adding value to students who are active in groups so they try to want to be active, giving additional assignments to students who have understood learning so students do not have to be in class and trying to maximize the tools and means of learning that exist and do to students.
This study aims to determine the extent to which parents at Stasi Santo Andreas Binjai, Parish of Santo Mikael Tanjung Baung, Sintang Diocese have played their role as educators of the faith of their children in the Industrial Revolution Era 4.0. This paper explores the obstacles faced by parents and how to overcome these obstacles to carry out their roles as faith educators for their children. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method that describes all the symptoms or conditions that exist. The data collection was conducted using three techniques: direct observation with observation guidance, direct communication through dialogue, and/or direct communication with participants to collect research data using tools (interview guides and documentary studies with visuals) during the study as evidence that researchers took to the field to conduct research. Based on the results, it is known that parents are not yet fully aware of their duties and responsibilities as the first and foremost faith educators for their children. Instead, the responsibility of fostering children's faith is mostly left to schools and churches as institutions (administrators of Stasi and Parish Churches). Lack of time for parents to be with their children and lack of understanding and awareness of parents about their duties and responsibilities in their children's faith education are inhibiting factors. The question exists, how to overcome the obstacles parents face as faith educators for their children. Many parents try to take advantage of family time (although it is limited) to give advice and practical teachings as a form of practical family catechesis, monitor children's activities, and encourage their children to take part in church activities.
This study was to investigate the non – English students’ error in using pronouns at STAKat Negeri Pontianak. The participant of this research were 40 students of seconds semester in academic year 2022. This research used descriptive research to gather the information and analyzed the result of the test. The result of the data gathered from the test that was given to the students through Google Form. Based on the analysis, the students wrote 53,98% correct answer and 46.02% of the students still made errors in using pronouns. There were 4.4% errors were found in the used of subjective pronouns, 13.90% errors were found in the used of objective pronouns, 12.81% errors were found in the used of possessive pronouns, and 16.56% errors were found in the used of reflexive pronouns. The lowest errors were found in the used of subjective pronouns, and the highest error was found in the used of reflexive pronouns.Keywords: Non – English Students, Errors, Pronouns, clearly, professionally
This research was conducted to answer the research question: “How effective is the use of Guided Wh-Questions to improve the students’ hortatory exposition writing?” The method of this research was a Pre-experimental Study by applying Pretest, the treatment and Posttest. The treatments were conducted in three time meetings with the purpose to know the effectiveness of the treatment using the Wh-question as a guide to write hortatory exposition.The population of this research was the students of class XI of SMA PGRI 1 Pontianak in academic year 2010 with 40 students of class XIA and Class XIB. But, 20 students of class XIB was considered as a sample of this research. The technique of data collecting was a written test that the students wrote hortatory exposition with the help of Wh-questions as a guide. The research findings showed the total score of pretest is 1286 with the mean score 64.30 and categorized “Average”. Furthermore, the result of posttest is 1493 with the mean score 74.63 and categorized “Good”.The result of computation on the t-test with 6,99 is higher than the t-table for the degree of freedom N-1 (20-1)=19 is 2.093. Effect Size of the treatment is 1. 53. It is categorized “Highly Effective” because the result of 1. 53 is higher than 0.8 that is the high level of effectiveness on Effect Size criteia proposed by Burn (ES > 0.8 = 1. 53 >0.8). In conclusion, the teaching hortatory exposition writing by using Guided Wh-questions is “highly effective”. Therefore, the null hypothesis that says “Teaching Hortatory Exposition Writing using Guided Wh-questions is not effective” is rejected. And the alternative hypothesis that says “Teaching Hortatory Exposition Writing using Guided Wh-questions is effective” is accepted. Keywords: Teaching, writing, Hortatory Exposition, Guided-WH questions
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