Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a digitalised technology under a collaborative working platform. Certain aspects of sustainability have been highlighted in recent BIM studies; however, no prior in-depth review has focused on BIM standards or guidelines and its uses for sustainability. This paper provides a mixed review to determine the current stateof-the-art BIM development for sustainability. A systematic review approach was adopted to analyse two main sources of literature, namely, BIM standards and guidelines; and peerreviewed academic publications. The result reveals that although there has been a significant amount of research and development about the use of BIM during various project phases, little work has been conducted about how it could be applied in refurbishment and demolition. Certain significant insights and implications have been uncovered, namely: (a) new BIM tools are required for assessing sustainability criteria; (b) the need for improved interoperability among BIM software and energy simulation tools; (c) BIM uses into various aspects of refurbishment and demolition have to be streamlined; and (d) an innovative procurement system is needed to adapt social sustainability into the project.

Social Network Analysis (SNA) is a significant tool for analyzing networks in complex project management that examines the actors' interdependence in iterative and interactive social structures. It can also be used for non-social structure analysis. The potential of SNA could be extended significantly if its application to complex project management could be clarified. The objectives of the present review are threefold: (1) to clarify the interpretation of SNA metrics; (2) to identify its applications to complex project management knowledge areas; and (3) to reveal its uses in the non-social structures of complex networks. The authors conducted a qualitative systematic review based on 65 peerreviewed publications to identify 38 SNA metrics and concepts in nine complex project management knowledge areas. The findings show that SNA is a useful tool for application to the analysis of non-human resource networks and can be used for strategic planning and the improvement of project transmission efficiency and interdisciplinary interactions. The authors also delineated the future studies and the potential applications of SNA to provide new insights into advancing the use of SNA for analyzing and mitigating complex project management issues.

Although there are many discussions of the legal implications of BIM, none of the studies provides a comprehensive review of the legal issues associated with BIM; nor do they evaluate the solutions currently available to address the issues. This paper aims to provide a critical review of the legal issues arising from using BIM and of their associated solutions. A systematic review was conducted of fifty-five (55) journal articles and conference papers published from 2007 to 2017 to identify the legal issues. The identified legal issues were then analysed in relation to the solutions provided by the construction industry. The results of the study revealed that (1) an alternative project delivery approach that does not modify the original orientation of the design-bid-build procurement structure is required to deliver BIM effectively. (2) The potential change in the standard of care for project participants due to additional roles required in delivering BIM needs further investigation. (3) The roles for auditing a BIM delivery system must be included in the contracts to ensure the quality and compliance of BIM deliverables. The study not only reviews the legal issues associated with BIM, but more importantly, it also offers significant insights for future research.

The oil and gas industry is a technology-driven industry. Over the last two (2) decades, it has heavily made use of digital modeling and associated technologies (DMAT) to enhance its commercial capability. Meanwhile, the Building Information Modelling (BIM) has grown at an exponential rate in the built environment sector. It is not only a digital representation of physical and functional characteristics of a facility, but it has also made an impact on the management processes of building project lifecycle. It is apparent that there are many similarities between BIM and DMAT usability in the aspect of physical modeling and functionality. The aim of this study is to streamline the usage of both DMAT and BIM whilst discovering valuable practices for performance improvement in the oil and gas projects. To achieve this, twenty-eight (28) BIM guidelines, eighty-three (83) DMAT academic publications and one hundred and one (101) DMAT vendor case studies were selected for review. The findings uncover (a) thirty-eight (38) BIM uses; (b) thirty-two (32) DMAT uses and; (c) thirty-six (36) both DMAT and BIM uses. The synergy between DMAT and BIM uses would render insightful references into managing efficient oil and gas's projects. It also helps project stakeholders to recognise future investment or potential development areas of BIM and DMAT uses in their projects.

Engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) contracting does not promote collaboration and thus, may not be suitable for building information modeling (BIM) projects. Joint-contract functions that combine contractual control, coordination, and contingency adaptability may positively influence the performance of these BIM-enabled projects. This study hypothesized that perceived fairness, calculative trust, relational trust, and positive outcomes of distrust influence the relationship between joint contract functions and BIMenabled project performance. It collected 252 observations from industry practitioners in EPC oil and gas projects and analyzed them using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The results show no direct effect of joint-contract functions on BIM-enabled EPC project performance but do show significant total and indirect relationship effects that are influenced by perceived fairness and relational trust. The findings contribute to construction contracting research by empirically showing how formal contracts focusing on joint-contract functions can influence BIM-enabled EPC project performance. The current findings also shed light on appropriate contract framing for BIM-enabled EPC project stakeholders, an area not explored in the previous literature.

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Purpose The management of building information modeling (BIM)-enabled construction projects is challenging and unstructured in nature, particularly in terms of contract administration. Even though previous studies have revealed various legal issues related to BIM, little is known regarding the contractual practices of BIM. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to explore the contractual practices between the BIM consultant and employer in detail. Design/methodology/approach An explanatory case study was carried out on four large BIM-enabled construction projects in China. Findings The contractual practices differed from one project to another in terms of ownership and intellectual property rights (IPRs) of the BIM model, roles of the BIM consultant, liability of the BIM consultant in the event of errors and delays of the BIM model, and BIM-related costs and payments. Some of the interesting findings are as follows: the employer shall retain the ownership and IPRs of the BIM model, the BIM consultant shall provide a warranty to ensure usability of the BIM model after project handover, the BIM consultant shall pay for damages or losses if the BIM model fails to deliver and the costs of BIM implementation shall be borne by both contracting parties. Originality/value This study provides a fresh, realistic insight on the development of plausible contractual practices between the BIM consultant and employer and the findings can be used to improve BIM contract protocols in future projects.

Latent provisions for building information modeling (BIM) contracts: a social network analysis approach. Abstract 6 7The effective adoption and use of Building Information Modeling (BIM) require appropriate 8 contract design to fairly allocate the contracting parties' rights and responsibilities. Several 9 standards for BIM protocols and contracts have been developed for the industry. However, the 10 awareness and the use of these are rather limited, leading to unclear provisions in BIM 11 contracts. Therefore, the research aims to identify the influential legal aspects that serve as the 12 latent contract provisions in BIM contracts. A questionnaire survey was conducted to survey 13 experts and active BIM users in construction projects. The data were analyzed using social 14 network analysis (SNA) by assuming interdependent relationships among various the legal 15 aspects in BIM contacts. The key legal aspects associated with BIM contracts pertain to the 16 roles and responsibilities of the project participants. The results also reveal that data security is 17 the center of all latent legal aspects in the contracts. The study provides significant new insights 18 into clarifying the required contract provisions in BIM contracts.19 20 21 22 37for BIM-enabled projects (Chong et al., 2017). These studies showed that research into BIM 38 contracts and the related legal aspects are still at a preliminary stage of development. It is vital 39 to extend the previous research and make clear the important legal aspects which must be 40 considered when devising BIM contracts. 41The aims of this research is to identify the influential legal aspects that serve as the latent 42 contract provisions in BIM contracts. A questionnaire survey method was adopted to collect 43 the empirical data from BIM active users and experts in Taiwan due to the popularity of BIM 44 in that area (Chien et al., 2014). Subsequently, the data were analyzed using social network 45 analysis (SNA). SNA is an effective tool for investigating complex networks that involve the 46 interdependence of actors in social structures and non-social structure analysis (Lee et al., 47 2018). This method was adopted to identify the important legal aspects by assuming the 48 interdependency relationships and flows among the legal aspects (nodes). The study would 49 offer insightful references to practitioners on the important legal aspects to be used as contract 50 provisions when designing BIM contracts. 51 52 2. Legal Aspects and Contract Provisions 53 BIM is an emerging technology in the building sector. However, the management of BIM 54 practice is rather challenging and unstructured. It triggers numerous legal issues throughout the 55 project lifecycle. An effective contract administration is one of the keys to regulating the new 56 BIM practice via the written contract provisions. The contract provisions are effectively used 57 to govern the legal issues and enforce necessary procedures required in BIM-enabled projects. 58 Hence, it should identify and clarify ...