SummaryBackground Fractalkine (FKN) is an inflammatory cytokine that has been shown with increased serum levels in diabetic patients and is considered to contribute to the adipose tissue inflammation by supporting monocyte adhesion to adipocytes which has an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Our aim was to evaluate the effects of glucose ingestion on the serum fractal - kine levels in healthy subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and newly diagnosed T2DM patients.MethodsA total of 67 patients were included in this study, and they were divided into NGT (n=34) and T2DM (n=33) groups according to their oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results. The serum FKN and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured at 0 and 120 minutes during an OGTT following overnight fasting.ResultsThe 0-minute (basal) and 120-minute OGTT FKN levels were found to be significantly higher in the T2DM group when compared to the NGT group (p=0.012 and p=0.001, respectively). However, no significant differences were observed in terms of the changes in the basal and 120-minute OGTT FKN levels in the T2DM and NGT groups (p=0.433 and p=0.06, respectively). A significant positive correlation was observed between the 120-minute OGTT FKN and glucose levels in the study group consisting of all of the patients (r=0.331, p=0.006).ConclusionsIn this study, basal and post-glycemic load FKN levels were found to be higher in newly diagnosed T2DM patients than those with NGT; however, there was no additional change in FKN levels by glycemic load.
BackgroundSubclinical hypothyroidism is a situation in which the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) value exceeds the upper limit of normal, but the free triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) values are within the normal range. The etiology is similar to overt hypothyroidism.Case presentationAn 18-year-old female patient was referred to our endocrinology clinic due to elevated TSH levels detected during a routine examination. She was clinically euthyroid and had a normal thyroid ultrasound pattern. The TSH concentration was measured twice independently, giving values of 5.65 μIU/mL and 5.47 μIU/mL. The polyethylene glycol (PEG) method for TSH measurement was used to determine the concentration of macro-TSH (m-TSH), a macromolecule formed between TSH and immunoglobulin (Ig). Using the same blood samples for which the TSH levels were found to be high, the PEG method found TSH levels to be within a normal range, with values of 1.50 μIU/mL (5.65–1.50 μIU/mL measured; a decrease of 75%) and 1.26 μIU/mL (5.47–1.26 μIU/mL measured; a decrease of 77%), respectively. The TSH values determined by the PEG precipitation test were markedly low, with PEG-precipitable TSH ratios greater than 75%.ConclusionsThe cause of 55% of subclinical hypothyroidism is chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. However, it is necessary to exclude other TSH-elevated conditions for diagnosis. One of these conditions is m-TSH, which should be kept in mind even though it is rarely seen. m-TSH should be considered especially in patients who have a TSH value above 10 μIU/mL without hypothyroidism symptoms or who require a higher levothyroxine replacement dose than expected to make them euthyroid.
Pasif sigara içimine maruz kalan pnömonili çocuklarda antioksidan enzim aktiviteleri, kapiller kan oksijen satü-rasyonu ve laktik asit değerleri -Okşak N, Karakılçık ZA. Genel Tıp Derg 2018;28(1):1-5 1 Öz Amaç: Sigara dumanında bulunan serbest radikaller, oksidatif hasarı artırarak antioksidan savunma mekanizmasını zayıflatabilir; karbonmonoksit eritrositlerde hemoglobine bağlanarak kanda oksijen saturasyonu (KOS) ve laktik asit (LA) değerlerini baskılayabi-lir. Bu çalışma, pasif sigara içimi (PS) ile pasif sigara içimine maruz kalan pnömonili (PSP) çocuklarda süperoksit dismütaz (SOD), glutatyon peroksidaz (GSPx) ve glutatyon redüktaz (GSRx) aktiviteleri ile KOS ve LA değerlerini araştırmak amacı ile yürütüldü. Gereç ve Yöntem:Bu çalışma 4 grupta bulunan 120 çocuk ile yürütüldü. Birinci grup sağlıklı kontroller, ikincisi pasif sigara içimine maruz kalanlar, üçüncüsü pnömonili olanlar, dördüncü grup pasif sigara içimine maruz kalan pnömonili çocuklardan oluştu. Tüm gruplarda SOD, GSPx ve GSRx enzim aktiviteleri, kapiller kan oksijen satürasyonu ve laktik asit düzeyleri ölçüldü. Bulgular:Kapiller kan oksijen satürasyonu PS ve PSP ile önemli düzeyde (p<0.05, p<0.01) azalırken; LA değerleri yükseldi (p<0.05-p<0.05). Ayrıca PS ile SOD aktivitesi (p<0.01), P ve PSP ile GSPx aktivitesi (p<0.05, p<0.05), P ile GSRx aktivitesi (p<0.05) önemli düzeylerde azaldı. Sonuç:Pasif sigara içimine maruz kalınması ve pnömoniyle birlikte pasif sigara içimine maruz kalınması durumunda, kapiller kan oksijen saturasyonu azalırken, laktik asit değerlerinin arttığı; SOD, GSPx ve GSRx enzimlerinin etkilenerek antioksidan savunmanın azaldığı gözlemlendi.Anahtar Kelimeler: Antioksidan enzimler, oksijen saturasyonu, laktik asit, pasif sigara içimi, pnömoni AbstractObjective: Free radicals in cigarette smoking may increase oxidative damage and may decreased the antioxidant defense mechanism. Carbonmonoxide also bounds to haemoglobine in erythrocytes, and may hold down capillary blood oxygen saturation (COS) and lactic acid (LA). This study was carried out to investigate the activities of SOD, GSPx, and GSRx enzymes, and the values of COS and LA in children with pneumonia exposed to passive smoking. Materials and Methods:The investigation was performed on 120 children in four groups. The first group was healthy controls; the second was exposed to passive smoking, the third was children with pneumonia and the fourth was exposed to passive smoking with pneumonia. The activities of SOD, GSPx and GSRx enzymes, and the values of capillary oxygen saturation and lactic acid concentretion were determined in all groups.Results: While COS-values were statistically decreased (p<0.05, p<0.01) with PS and PSP; LA-values were significantly increased (p<0.05-p<0.05) in the same groups. In addition, SOD activity by PS (p<0.01), GSPx activities by P and PSP (p<0.05, p<0.05), GSRx activity by P (p<0.05) were significantly decreased. Conclusion:While passive cigarette smoking and passive smoking plus pneumonia were decreased the COS, the values of lactic a...
This study hypothesizes that oral rosuvastatin, oral dienogest and intraperitoneal bevacizumab might improve endometriosis in randomly selected female Wistar albino rats with surgically endometriotic implants. Thirty female Wistar albino rats with surgically endometriotic implants were randomized into three treatment groups: oral rosuvastatin (20 mg kg/day; oral rosuvastatin group 1; n = 10), oral progesterone (dienogest group 2; n = 10) and intraperitoneal bevacizumab (2.5 mg/kg of single intraperitoneal injection of bevacizumab; bevacizumab group 3; n = 10), for 10 days. Post-treatment variables were compared. The oral rosuvastatin group showed higher reduction for the glandular epithelium and uterine vessels of histopathological scores values than the oral progesterone group (both, p < 0.017, respectively). The median glandular epithelium and uterine vessels and histopathological scores values did not show a statistically significant difference between group 1 and group 3 (p > 0.017). Endometrial thickness values and uterine volume values were more significantly reduced in the oral rosuvastatin group than the oral progesterone group (both, p < 0.017, respectively). Moreover, endometrial thickness and uterine volume values were not different in groups wecompared with group 3 (p > 0.017). In conclusion, oral rosuvastatin and intraperitoneal injection of bevacizumab may cause more significant regression of surgically endometriotic implants in rats than oral progesterone medications.
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