Meniscal injuries in children and adolescents are being seen with increased frequency. The menisci are two crescentic lamellae whose functions are to deepen the articular surfaces of the tibial plateu for reception of the condyles of the femur. In our study, our aim is to determine the variations of the shapes and attachments of the menisci in newborns. This study was performed on 11 neonatal cadavers, 22 knee joints that were obtained from the anatomy laboratory. The variations of the shape of the menisci were noted. We found that 77% of the lateral menisci were discoid. This percent is higher than the previously reported percents of the lateral discoid menisci. The different shapes of the menisci were determined as horse shoe, sickle, sided U, sided V and C shaped. We did not determine any discoid medial menisci. We believe that our study will provide support to the neonatal anatomy of the knee, concerning with the surgical procedures and arthroscopy of the knee joint.
The superior cerebellar artery is the most consistent branch of the basilar artery and arises near the bifurcation of the basilar artery. A bilateral origin of the superior cerebellar arteries from the posterior cerebral arteries has been rarely reported in the literature. Reporting variations in brain vessels is important for neurosurgeons to safely and confidently treat pathologies in this region. We report on a specimen with a bilateral origin to the superior cerebellar artery from the posterior cerebral artery and discuss the embryogenesis of this rare variation.
The purpose of the present study is to reduce the postoperative morbidity related to facial paralysis during parotid surgery and to layout the different characteristics related to intraparotideal distribution and anastomoses of the facial nerve in our community. We also report new variations in the facial nerve branchings that have not been previously published. In this paper, facial nerves from 48 cadavers and 2 patients of which 45(90%) were males and 5(10%) were females; 26(52%) being right and 24(48%) being left facial nerves were put forward. Their photographs were taken and the diagrams of intraparotideal distributions of each facial nerve were drawn. The intraparotideal configuration of the facial nerve was evaluated in 5 types. Twenty-four% of the facial nerves had no anastomoses (Type I); 12% had a ring-like shape anastomosis between the buccal and the zygomatic branches (Type II); 14% anastomoses were between the buccal and the other branches in a ring-like shape (Type III); 38% of the facial nerves had multiple complex anastomoses and were named as multiple loops (Type IV); 12% had two main trunks (Type V). Of the bilateral cadaver dissections, the facial nerve distribution in 9(47.3%) were bilaterally the same and in 10(52.7%) main trunks were different. A facial nerve trifurcation composed of two main trunks were also established. There were no statistical differences between branching of the facial nerves in the right and left side of the faces.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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