The purpose of this paper is the study of fuzzy control applied to a Dynamic Positioning System (DPS) of semi-submersible platforms. A numerical simulator program in time domain was coded using mathematical models of the floating platform dynamics and the external forces (wind, current, wave and thruster) that act on the platform. Subsequently, a fuzzy controller applied to DPS was developed. The Fuzzy controller and the Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller were then subjected to the same environmental conditions in order to compare their performance
Rod-pumping is the most common artificial lift method used to move oil to the surface in low pressure resevoirs. A variety of mechanical problems can occur with this system. The adjustment of the pumping capacity to the reservoir production rate is another source of error compromising pumping efficiency. The need to identify these problems quickly and accurately is essential in attempts to minimize operating costs and maximize production. A dynamometer is attached in general to the polished rod of the pumping unit, and a plot of load vs. position, known as (downhole) dynamometer card (DC), is obtained for the purpose of rod load monitoring. Altough DC is a very important piece of information, other data may be required to support complex decision making about the actual rod-pumping condition. For this purpose, the engineer uses also information about the characteristics of the well, the type of oil being pumped, etc., besides taking into consideration the DC shape, maximum and minimum load values, etc. A new type of neuron is used to built neural nets having powerful numeric and symbolic processing capabilities, besides permiting knowledge to be encoded not only on the wiring of the net, but also on the selection of the types of neurons and synapsis composing the net. This new type of neural nets was used to develop SICAD, a hierarchical neural system whose purpose is the intelligent control of rodpumping. SICAD is composed by two famillies of neural nets specialized, respectively, in pattern recognition (PRN) and expert reasoning (ERN). Different modes of interactions 97 between ERN and PRN define different pumping control strategies.
Dedico este trabalho à nova geração de trabalhadores da indústria de petróleo, que estão entrando, espero que conscientemente, numa das atividades de mais alto risco. v AgradecimentosEste trabalho não terminaria sem a ajuda de diversas pessoas, às quais expresso meus sinceros agradecimentos.A minha mulher Teresa Emiko, que me apoiou e incentivou em todos estes anos de vida em conjunto. Aos meus filhos Mariana, Olívia e Bernardo que cresceram e estão crescendo saudáveis e felizes, apesar do pai ausente. Aos meus pais, que apesar das idades avançadas, mantêm a vitalidade e servem de exemplo para mim.Ao meu orientador, Prof. Dr. Celso Kazuyuki Morooka, que aceitou me orientar apesar das condições extremamente peculiares em que eu poderia me dedicar a este doutorado. Ao Prof. Dr. Ivan Rizzo Guilherme e ao Prof. Dr. José Ricardo Pelaquin Mendes, pelas frutíferas discussões semanais que ampliaram os horizontes deste trabalho. Ao Edson Curi Kachan e ao Dr. Osvair V. Trevisan, pelas orientações durante a execução do projeto de pesquisa sobre a Segurança Operacional em Poços Marítimos entre a UNICAMP e ANP. Aos pesquisadores da CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation), Dr. Edson Y. Nakagawa, Dr. Carlos Damski e Affonso Lourenço pelas discussões internacionais Brasil-Austrália sobre a especificação do Genesis Completion que ajudaram na modelagem teórica utilizada nesta tese. vi Aos colegas do CENPES, Luiz Felipe Bezerra Rego e Francisco de Assis Cavalcante Torres e ao assistente do diretor Danilo Oliveira, pela viabilização da minha participação no projeto Genesis Completion, sem o qual não haveria as frutíferas discussões. Aos colegas do Laboratório de Inteligência Artificial em Petróleo, Alexandro Baldassin, Ricardo Dias Carrera, Camilla Scoppola Fichtler e Dra. Adriane Beatriz de Souza Serapião que montaram as ferramentas necessárias para este trabalho. Aos membros do grupo de trabalho sobre segurança em planejamento de completação e restauração de poços, Dr. Flavio Dias de Moraes (coordenador), Sergio Valladares Bulhões da
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