Objective: The study’s main purpose has been to assess the comprehension and use of psychoactive substances by nursing undergraduates from a public university. Methods: It is a descriptive and cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, which was performed with students of the Nursing Graduation Course from a federal public university located in the Northeastern region of Brazil. The data collected from a printed form were evaluated and classified using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 23.0. Results: Substance use by students was led by alcohol (80%), followed by hypnotic-sedatives (12%), marijuana (11%) and tobacco (10%). There was a significant alcohol consumption in the month prior to the interview (29%). Concerning the theoretical knowledge, the majority of interviewees were aged between 17 and 25 years old (34.5%) and reported reading more than three texts on the topic. Conclusion: The problem of substance use is a topic of interest among nursing undergraduates despite the reported consumption pattern regarding both alcohol and tobacco in the same population.
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