En el desarrollo del sistema financiero el papel de la banca ha sido frecuentemente discutido. De esta forma, el objetivo de esta investigación es analizar los determinantes del desarrollo del sistema financiero en México para el periodo 2001-2014. Específicamente se consideran los niveles de competencia, la rentabilidad, la regulación y la inclusión financiera en el sector bancario. Se utiliza un método de corte cuantitativo basado en un modelo econométrico de datos de panel. Los resultados indican que el desarrollo del sistema financiero depende directamente de la concentración y rentabilidad bancarias. Algunas de las limitaciones del trabajo se centran en la falta de información estadística para algunos años, así como la no diferenciación entre bancos de capital nacional y extranjero. Los hallazgos pueden ser útiles en el ámbito de las políticas públicas. La originalidad y relevancia radica en el estudio de la relación entre banca y sector financiero desde un enfoque microeconómico.
RESUMENEn el ámbito de la responsabilidad social (RS), la ética y la calidad laboral se consideran dos elementos imprescindibles en el actuar de las empresas. El primero implica conducirse de manera digna y congruente tanto a lo interno como a lo externo del negocio y la calidad laboral es el trato digno que tiene la empresa hacia el capital humano que presta sus servicios. Aunque adoptar la RS es más fácil para una empresa grande, no implica que las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas (Mipymes) no puedan implementarla, de hecho están conscientes de su compromiso moral con la sociedad, sus empleados y medio ambiente. En este sentido, el objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es analizar la relación que tiene el comportamiento ético y la calidad laboral de las organizaciones, con el desempeño empresarial de micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas de la ciudad de Celaya, Guanajuato, México. Con una muestra de 296 empresas, se realizo un análisis a través de tablas de contingencia, encontrando que existe una relación positiva y significativa entre el comportamiento ético y el desempeño empresarial, y entre la calidad laboral y el desempeño empresarial. PALABRAS-CLAVE:Responsabilidad social empresarial, calidad laboral, ética, Mipyme. ETHICS AND LABOR QUALITY: THE IMPACT ON BUSINESS PERFORMANCE. AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ABSTRACTIn the field of social responsibility (RS), ethics and labor quality are two essential elements in the behavior of companies. The first involves behave worthy and consistent inside and outside the organization and the labor quiality is the dignified treatment that has the company towards human capital providing services. Although adopting CSR is easier for large companies, does not imply that micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) cannot implement it, in fact they are aware of their moral commitment to society, its employees and environment. In this sense, the objective of this research is to analyze the relationship between ethical behavior and labor quality of the organizations, with business performance in micro, small and mediumsized enterprises in the city of Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico. With a simple of 296 companies, an analysis was conducted through contingency tables, finding that there is a positive and significant relationship between the ethical behavior and business performance, and between labor quality and business performance.
In 2012, the reform of the Federal Labor Law was implemented in Mexico, arguing that it was necessary to make the legislation more flexible, in order to position Mexico as a viable country to attract Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). However, there has been little monitoring on the real effects of these changes. The objective of this research was to analyze the factors that determine the precarious working conditions in the city of Celaya Guanajuato Mexico with the use of a quantitative approach of a non-experimental cross-sectional design. The results identified that precarious working conditions are correlated with the gender, age, schooling, economic sector and origin of the investment. The implications for management are: The legal flexibility for attracting direct foreign investment according to this research, has been an appropriate strategy, since it pressures labor markets to improve their conditions to be competitive, because the industry with direct foreign investment is governed by the Law, on the other hand, the national industry reflects labor practices well below the legal minimums.
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