Intraplacental choriocarcinoma is a rare malignant tumor diagnosed after an abortion, an ectopic pregnancy, or a term or preterm pregnancy or following the diagnosis of a hydatidiform mole. During pregnancy, it may be more common than reported, as most patients are asymptomatic and placental choriocarcinomas are usually inconspicuous macroscopically and are often mistaken for an infarct. Based upon a case study methodology, we describe 2 cases of intraplacental choriocarcinoma: the first case was identified in the product of a uterine curettage following an incomplete miscarriage and the second in one of the placentas of a bichorionic twin pregnancy. Maternal investigation did not reveal evidence of metastatic disease and neither did the infants' one in the second case. The two cases underwent maternal surveillance with serum hCG and remained disease-free until the present. In conclusion, intraplacental choriocarcinoma is easily underdiagnosed but with current treatment, even in the presence of metastasis, the prognosis is excellent. A routine microscopic examination of all the placentas and products of miscarriage can increase the real incidence of this entity and consequently improve its management.
Objective:
Considering the negative impact of the consumption of ultra-processed foods on health, this study assessed the availability and nutritional profile of commercial ultra-processed foods for infants in Natal, Brazil.
Design:
A cross-sectional exploratory study.
Setting:
Foods targeted at children under the age of 36 months sold in retail establishments located in high and low-income areas of the one capital city of Brazil.
Participants:
1,645 food products consisting of 95 different types of food were available. The foods were assessed according to the NOVA classification: minimally processed, processed, and ultra-processed. The nutritional content per 100g was assessed according to processing classification.
Results:
Half of foods founded were breast milk substitutes and cereal foods (31.6% and 26.3%, respectively). The foods were predominantly ultra-processed (79%) and only 4.2% were minimally processed, with similar proportions of ultra-processed foods being found in both high and low-income areas. After excluding breast milk substitutes and follow-up formulas, all cereals, food supplements and some of the fruit or vegetable purees were ultra-processed, higher in energy density, fat, carbohydrate and protein, and low in fiber (P<0.05).
Conclusions:
The findings reveal that ultra-processed foods for infants are widely available in Brazil, reaffirming the need to strengthen the regulation of foods for infants and young children by introducing complementary measures designed to promote the production and marketing of foods manufactured using lower levels of processing.
Objective:
This study aimed to characterize the availability, the nutritional composition, and the processing degree of industrial foods for 0-36-month-old children according to the neighborhoods affluence.
Design:
A cross-sectional exploratory study.
Setting:
All food products available in retail stores for children aged 0 to 36 months were analyzed. Data collection took place in two neighborhoods, comparing two different sociodemographic districts (high versus low per capita income), Campanhã and Foz do Douro in Porto,Portugal.
Participants:
A total of 431commercially food products for children aged 0 to 36-month-old children sold in 23 retail stores were identified. Food products were classified according to their processing degree using NOVA.
Results:
For NOVA analysis, 244 food products were included being 82 (33.6%) minimally processed, 25 (10.2%) of processed and 137 (56.1%) were ultra-processed. No food product was classified as culinary ingredient.The products included mostly cereals, yogurts, prevailed in high-income neighborhoods, in the 0-6-month-old group. It was observed that some categories of ultra-processed food (UPF) presented higher amounts of energy, sugars, saturated fat and salt than unprocessed/minimilly processed products.
Conclusions:
The high availability of UPF offered for 0-36-month-old children should be considered when designing interventions to promote healthy diet in infancy.
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